BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Threonine, Protein Structure, Cell Surface Receptor

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Lovaye Kajiura

Document Summary

Proteome represents the full # of proteins that are expressed by all the hereditary info in our. 20-25,000 protein encoding genes, but over 1,000,000 proteins encoded by our genome. Meaning that single genes can encode for multiple proteins. Alternative splicing and translational modifications contribute to complexity of the genome. Cells detect changes in the environment (stimuli) E. g increase blood glucose levels after a meal from sensory responses in the beta islet cells of the pancreas that cause a cascade of events that can return measured blood glucose back to normal levels. In response to high blood glucose levels, pancreas will modulate synthesis and secretion of its own signal called insulin which is an effector that can produce a response on target cells. Glucose absorbed by the small intestines by microvilli cells. Absorbed glucose transported from microvilli cells to the blood vessels and move through the circulatory system which will then be detected by pancreatic beta cells to release insulin protein.