BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Ubiquitin, Dominance (Genetics), Pex5

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19 Oct 2016

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In all cells, peroxisomes are responsible for fatty acid catalysis (breakdown). Peroxisomes also have a large protein aggregate of catalase. In animal cells: peroxisomes are responsible for cholesterol synthesis. In nerve cells: peroxisomes synthesize plasmalogen for cell membranes which helps increase the insulation of the membrane. In liver cells: peroxisomes are the site of toxin oxidation such as alcohol. In plant cells: peroxisomes are required for conversion of fatty acids into carbohydrates, which is important in seeds! It is this stored carbohydrate that will give the energy needed for seed germination. Breaks down very long fatty acid chains through beta-oxidation. In animal cells: the long chains are oxidized to medium chains which are then further broken down in the mitochondria. Fatty acids have the most atp yield on an energy per gram basis, so the oxidation of fatty acids by peroxisomes is important for metabolic energy (for both plants and animals).

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