BIOLOGY 2C03 Lecture Notes - Cancer Genome Project, Methylation, Adverse Drug Reaction
Document Summary
Lecture 1 cancer genetics; oncogenes (april 4) Cancer: clinical disease of cellular proliferation, abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with the surrounding tissue, behaves in an independent manner. Benign: usually exhibited differentiated characteristics, often encased by a fibrous capsule, non-invasive into the surrounding tissue. Malignant: variable rates of growth, variable levels of differentiation, poorly differentiated tumors are often the most aggressive. Invasive into surrounding tissues, a process that often requires the breakdown of extracellular matrices by secretion of proteolytic enzymes: potential to metastasize, often angiogenic. Major classes of human cancers: carcinomas arising from cells of the epithelium; account for 90% of human cancer. Sarcomas arising from cells of supporting (connective) tissues. Leukemia and lymphomas arising from cells of the hematopoietic system. Proliferation without constraints (eg/ at low concentrations of growth factors, loss of contact inhibition, anchorage-independent proliferation) Immortalization block to differentiation escape from apoptosis (programmed cell death)
