BIOLOGY 2D03 Lecture 2: Plant Genome – Lecture 2
4 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Multiple genomes in each cell: nuclear, diploid set of chromosomes, plastid, haploid, multiple plastids/cell, ex. Hypothesized that plants need more tfs to adjust development and metabolism to changes in the environment: plant receptor kinases and receptor-like kinases. Used in signaling pathways in development and defense to pathogens: transposons, retrotransposons. Copy and paste mechanism using reverse transcriptase. Replicative = 2 retrotransposons: dna transposons. Leaves a small footprint of original transposon at original site. Variation provided by additional gene copies: allopolyploidy. Variation increased by contribution of genomic info from both parents: consequences. Paralogs (a: genes are duplicated in a single species, a gene inherited in two species by a common ancestor. Orthologs (b: genes diverge from same ancestral gene after species separate, often have same function in different species, gene found in two different species but the origin of the gene is a common ancestor.
