BIOLOGY 2F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Pulmonary Edema, Interstitial Lung Disease
19 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Restrictive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary oedema
• Causes:
o IHD
o Hypertension
o Valve disease
o Myocardial disease
• Consequences:
o Impaired pulmonary outflow
▪ Congestion and oedema
o Reduced renal perfusion
▪ Salt and water retention +
ATN
o Reduced CNS perfusion
(encephalopathy)
Pulmonary Fibrosis
• Laying down of fibrotic tissue in the lung
parenchyma
• Most important restrictive pathology
o FEV1/FVC > 0.7
• Characteristic features:
o Progressive shortness of breath
o Cyanosis (+ clubbing)
o Fine end inspiratory crackles
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis - Immune reaction
from inhalation of antigens (fungal, bacterial,
animal
protein, chemical)
Occupation-related
• Farer’s lug therophili atioyetes
• Bird faier’s lug avia proteis
Pathology - interstitial pneumonitis + non-
caseating granulomas
Pneumoconoses
Inflammatory lung conditions caused by inhalation
of mineral dusts.
Lag Period of up to 30 years
Over-reaction to deeply seated dust particles with
peristent inflammation
Types
• Coal dust (coal miners)
Lung nodules (coal macules) + massive fibrosis
• Silicosis (mining, quarrying, glass making)
Nodular fibrosis
• Asestosis (ship building, construction)
•Diffuse firosis
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Document Summary
Ihd: hypertension, valve disease, myocardial disease, consequences: Impaired pulmonary outflow: congestion and oedema, reduced renal perfusion, salt and water retention + Atn: reduced cns perfusion (encephalopathy, laying down of fibrotic tissue in the lung, characteristic features: parenchyma, most important restrictive pathology, fev1/fvc > 0. 7, progressive shortness of breath, cyanosis (+ clubbing, fine end inspiratory crackles. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - immune reaction from inhalation of antigens (fungal, bacterial, animal protein, chemical) Occupation-related: far(cid:373)er"s lu(cid:374)g (cid:894)ther(cid:373)ophili(cid:272) a(cid:272)ti(cid:374)o(cid:373)y(cid:272)etes(cid:895, bird fa(cid:374)(cid:272)ier"s lu(cid:374)g (cid:894)avia(cid:374) protei(cid:374)s(cid:895) Pathology - interstitial pneumonitis + non- caseating granulomas. Inflammatory lung conditions caused by inhalation of mineral dusts. Over-reaction to deeply seated dust particles with peristent inflammation. Lung nodules (coal macules) + massive fibrosis: silicosis (mining, quarrying, glass making) Nodular fibrosis: as(cid:271)estosis (ship building, construction, diffuse fi(cid:271)rosis. Lung cancer: benign (rare, hamartomas, clear cell tumours, papillomas, fribromas, asymptomatic, malignant. Well-recognised complication of therapy for: primary lung tumours, breast carcinoma.
