BIOLOGY 2F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Glycosidic Bond, Olive Oil, Intermolecular Force
9 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Jan.1,2017 Gr. 12 Biology Study Notes R.Z.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry- study of activities and properties of biologically important molecules
Isotope- atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons
Radioisotopes- unstable isotope that decays over time emitting radiation (can be used in diagnostics and
medical procedures)
Ion- atom that has gained or lost electrons giving it a +/- charge (will form ionic compounds, like /Na+, HCO3-)
Molecules- substance composed of two or more non-metals that are covalently linked together
Organic Molecule- carbon containing molecule in which is almost always bonded to a hydrogen
*Organic molecules contain: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur*
Intramolecular Forces- occurring between atoms of a molecule
(Ex. Covalent and ionic bonds)
Electronegativity- the attraction on atom has on the electrons, caused by covalent bonding makes molecule
polar (slight +/slight- charges)
Intermolecular Forces- occurring between different molecules (weaker than intramolecular forces)
(Ex. Hydrogen Bonding, Hyprobhobic interactions, hydrophilic interactions etc.)
Hydrogen Bonding- weak bonding between a molecule of slight positive and slight negative
charges (occurring between polar molecules such as O-H bonds)
Hydrophobic Interactions- nonpolar molecules that do not attract to water molecules causing
hdophoi effet where they clump together
(Ex. Oil and water)
Hydrophillic Interactions- polar molecules that attract to water molecules allowing for
interactions (Ex. Salt and water)
Molecular Formula- shows the number and types of atoms present in a
molecule (H2O)
Structural Formula- shows how the different molecules are bonded to
eachother (line indicates a covalent bond)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Functional
Groups-
group of
atoms that
gives a
molecules
certain
chemical
and physical
properties
Macromolecules
Macromolecules- large complex
molecule composed of repeating units of
covalently linked monomers (Proteins,
Lipids, Carbs)
Polymer- large molecule composed of
repeating sub units (A macromolecule is
a pole ut a pole is’t alas a
macro)
Monomer- smallest repeating sub unit of
a polymer (Ex. Monosaccharides, amino
acids, fatty acid chain)
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Carbohydrates:
-biological macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ration
-contain a high proportion of Hydroxyl and Carbonyl functional groups allowing polarity and
dissolving in water
Caohdate Moosahides oe suga:
Glucose- referred to as blood sugar (C6H1206)
Fructose- fruit sugar(C6H1206)
Galactose- found in milk(C6H1206)
(Ribose- found in nucleic acids) (C5H10O5)
Isomers- glucose fructose and galactose are isomers having the same chemical formula but
different structures
Disaccharide- two
monosaccharides linked by a
Glosidi likage
*Dehydration reaction removing
H and OH*
(Ex. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose)
Polysaccharide- carbohydrate
made of many repeating
monosaccharides joined by
covalent bonds/glycosidic
linkages
Ex. Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
Glycogen- made of many repeating glucose
molecules
-found in the liver/body of animals
-highly branched allowing for rapid digestion
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Biochemistry- study of activities and properties of biologically important molecules. Isotope- atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons. Radioisotopes- unstable isotope that decays over time emitting radiation (can be used in diagnostics and medical procedures) Ion- atom that has gained or lost electrons giving it a +/- charge (will form ionic compounds, like /na+, hco3-) Molecules- substance composed of two or more non-metals that are covalently linked together. Organic molecule- carbon containing molecule in which is almost always bonded to a hydrogen. *organic molecules contain: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur* Intramolecular forces- occurring between atoms of a molecule (ex. Electronegativity- the attraction on atom has on the electrons, caused by covalent bonding makes molecule polar (slight +/slight- charges) Intermolecular forces- occurring between different molecules (weaker than intramolecular forces) (ex. Hydrogen bonding- weak bonding between a molecule of slight positive and slight negative charges (occurring between polar molecules such as o-h bonds)
