CHEM 2OA3 Lecture Notes - Covalent Bond, Electronegativity, Ion

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See syllabus and help sessions pdf files. Ionic bond one atom donates electron to other (positive = cation, negative = anion) Covalent bond two atoms share electron pair. Atoms most stable when have octet and filled outer shell (can tell if they want to form ionic or covalent bonds) Group 1 always +1, group 2 always +2, both groups always salts (except lithium sometimes) Group 17 usually -1, group 16 usually -2. Elements in middle have problems with electron affinity and ionization potential, so they like to share electrons (covalent) Most bonds are between covalent and ionic. More electronegative atom in a covalent bond keeps the electrons closer to itself, so the covalent bond becomes unevenly charged and thus polar, so polar covalent (e. g. h-f, f is more electronegative so electrons are closer to it) Always want octet (except h) (e. g. bcl3)

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