CIVENG 3J04 Lecture : Steel notes complete set-2012.pdf
6 Jun 2013
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Steel is one of the world"s most used industrial materials and total world production of crude steel in september 2011 was 123. 637 million tones, produced by 62 countries around the world. Canada produced during the same month 1. 09 million tonnes, us. 7. 015 million tonnes, the european union 14. 015 million tones and china 57. One can see that china produces nearly 50% of all the world"s steel. Steel is produced in a blast furnace, shown schematically in fig. 1, which is a tall conical shaft lined with fine bricks or carbon bricks. The principal function of the furnace is to reduce the iron ore to the metal. The ore is iron oxide coming from the mineral hematite (fe2o3) and magnetite (fe3o4). Hematite is commonly used because it is about 70% iron. The ore is fed into the top opening of the furnace in the form of pallets (10 to 40 mm in size) or sinter.
