ECON 2H03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Efficiency Wage, Structural Unemployment

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Structural unemployment arises because firms fail to reduce wages despite an excess supply of labour. The three causes of wage rigidity are: minimum wage laws, the monopoly power of unions, efficiency wages. The minimum wage may exceed the equilibrium wage of unskilled workers (especially teenagers) Because of this, the minimum wage for teenagers is usually more binding than for anyone else. The wages of unionized workers are determined by bargaining between union leaders and firm management rather than by the equilibrium of supply and demand. Unions can also influence the wages paid by firms whose workforces are not unionized because the threat of unionization can keep wages above the equilibrium level. A theory states that high wages make workers more productive. Second theory: high wages reduce labour turnover. The duration is related to the amount of experience a worker has: Incidence: the likelihood that an individual has an unemployment spell.

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