GEOG 1HB3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: International Trade, Industrial Revolution, World-Systems Theory
26 Jun 2018
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Lecture 6
January 24, 2018
3:32 PM
Consider the following questions:
How do we think about development? What does it mean
How does a country become 'more developed'?
How do we measure development?
What is Development?
Development: A process of improvement in the material conditions of life
oCould be social, political, economic, etc.
The world is marked by striking spatial variations in terms of well-being; where we refer to these
variations in well being in terms of levels of development
oConsidered on a continuum
Typically, we think of development in mostly economic terms (ex: standard of living)
oThis is usually measured in terms like GDP, GNI, etc.
oCountries/regions are assessed by their economic power; their accumulations of wealth
We also need to think of development in broader (more holistic) terms:
oQuality of life
oEquality
oWell-being
Differentiating Development
We generally think about development as a continuum between two points
oThird world vs First and Second
oSouth vs North
oUnderdeveloped vs Developed
oDeveloping vs Developed
oLess Developed vs More Developed
Is the world really divided in such a binary?
Characteristics of the Less Developed World (LDW), in relation to the More Developed World
(MDW) include:
oHigher poverty rates
oHigher mortality; Higher fertility
oLower literacy
oLess industrialization
Theoretical Approaches to Development
How do we make sense of, or understand (theoretically), development?
oFollowing the major de-colonization movements of the 1960s
Colonies achieved political independence
Several theories of development were launched to address the following
essential questions:
How will these (largely poor) nations achieve economic independence?
oThree prominent theories emerged:
Modernization Theory
Dependency Theory
World Systems Theory
Modernization Theory
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Document Summary
Development: a process of improvement in the material conditions of life o. The world is marked by striking spatial variations in terms of well-being; where we refer to these variations in well being in terms of levels of development o. Typically, we think of development in mostly economic terms (ex: standard of living) o o. This is usually measured in terms like gdp, gni, etc. Countries/regions are assessed by their economic power; their accumulations of wealth. We also need to think of development in broader (more holistic) terms: quality of life o. We generally think about development as a continuum between two points o o. South vs north: underdeveloped vs developed, developing vs developed o. Characteristics of the less developed world (ldw), in relation to the more developed world (mdw) include: higher poverty rates, higher mortality; higher fertility o o. How do we make sense of, or understand (theoretically), development? o. Following the major de-colonization movements of the 1960s.
