HTHSCI 1LL3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Organelle, Lipid Bilayer, Cytosol
22 Jun 2018
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TRANSLATION
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'D§
translation
•Ideft process of translating the language of nucleotides into the language of amino acids
•
mRNA is translated ,again In the 5' → 3
'direction ,into aprotein from the amino (Nl -terminus to the carboxyl a-terminus using tRNA
•the start codon for translation is always AUG in the mRNA sequence IATG in DNA sequence)
•
tdb
:3 nucleotide signals that tell tRNA which amino and to bring in
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degenerate as more than one codon can code for the same amino acid
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Its usually the 3rd ball thats different In (odors specifying for the same amino acid
The Genetic Code
•
lode is degenerate but Unambiguous meaning each coach Speakes for one amino acid
•3rd base demonstrates
"
wobble "because It can deviate from base pairing rules or there can be an unusual base in this position on the
anti cod On that can Dair with more than one base
•
The code is almost Universal but some exceptions occur with mitochondrial DNA
•
there is no punctuation in the code
Reading Frame
•
There are 3possible reading frames which produce different proteins
•the instructions start with an AUG start iodon and this lets the Name to be read
utatioht
•(deft ante as aresult of DNA damage or incorrect Incorporation of bases causing different effects on the protein
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Mutations can also be passed down from previous generation Which cant be repaired
Type of Mutations
type Description Example
Point Asingle base change CGA →CGG
Silent A change that Speakes the same amino acid (GA →CGC
Mis sense A change that specifies adifferent amino acid
Nonsente A change that produces astop Cod on
Insertion Ah addition of one or more bases
Deletion A104 of one or more bases
Insertions +Deletions
•Usually the cause of frame shift mutation
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If not a multiple of 3bases ,the reading frame is shifted
-Frame shifting can also result in a premature Stop codoh ,producing anonfunctional truncated protein
Document Summary
I deft process of translating the language of nucleotides into the language of amino acids mrna is translated , again. 3 direction into a protein from the amino ( nl terminus to the carboxyl a - terminus using trna the start codon for translation is always. :3 nucleotide signals that tell trna which amino and to bring in degenerate as more than one codon can code for the same amino acid. In ( odors specifying for the same amino acid. The genetic code there is utatioht rules cant but occur. Dna base in the but the code lode is. There are which produce start with one amino acid almost. Frame wobble reading frames degenerate anti cod on or there can more than one because. 3 possible be an unusual an aug start this position on different proteins some exceptions coach speakes for no punctuation in with mitochondrial from base pairing.
