HTHSCI 1LL3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Color Blindness

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22 Jun 2018

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EPIGENETICS

PCC :

E. §

Genetics

•

Genome :sum total of our DNA

•

22 pairs +final is sex chromosome (XX +XY)

you get one from each parent

•

Diploid :both sets are copied

•

Haploid :(

sex cells )half copied so when they come together its one let

•

chromosomes :tightly Wound DNA

•

Genes :peices that code for proteins

homologous :Ifrom mother ,

1from father

•

Genes control some of our characteristics

eg Inheritance for colour blindness ,an Xlinked trait

Males have one X,theyre move likely to be colour blind

Females need to inherit 2 detect re genes

Mutations +Polymorphisms

•

Different individuals may have aslightly different sequence of nucleotides ,not really a

"mutation ''

,just a variation in SNPS

•

Mutations :when DNA replicates ,leaving adifferent nucleotide than the original

not always abad thing

What Is Epigenetic ?

•(det .)the expression of genes ,without any change In the underlying DNA sequence

can be brought about due to diet ,lifestyle + other environmental exposures

the epigenetic tags can be changed ,but can also be transmitted

Genetics +Epigenetic

Genetics Epigenetic

Cells are the basic unit of life Epigehhcs controls which genes are active +when

DNA within the cells controls their fnnlhbh Different genes are active in different developmental Stages

DNA Is made Up of a combination of the 4bases A,G,

c+Tother things can affect If the gene µexpressed (diet ,environment )

The sequence of these bases is what Provides the Instructions Epigenetic is why we are unique -different combinations of genes are turned

There are millions of bases but within this are genes that provide on so each of uj prefer different foods or are more or less social for

Instructions to build Proteins example

Eplgenehc Tags

•Different molecules are known to affect gene expression

Methyl groups →attached ADNA lend to

"silence "

genes

Acetyl +attach to histories making DNA more accessible

Nstones (t)→are more or less lightly bound so that the DNA t)is more or less accessible -Non coding RNA

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Document Summary

22 pairs + final is sex chromosome (xx + xy ) you get one from each parent. Haploid sex cells ) half copied so when they come together its one let chromosomes : tightly wound dna. Genes : peices that code for proteins homologous : Genes control some of our characteristics eg inheritance for colour blindness an x linked trait. , theyre move likely to be colour blind. Different individuals may have a slightly different sequence of nucleotides not really a mutation just a variation in snps. : when dna replicates , leaving a different nucleotide than the original not always a bad thing. Is epigenetic ? ( det . ) the expression of genes , without any change. In the underlying dna sequence can be brought about due to diet lifestyle other environmental exposures the epigenetic tags can be changed , but can also be transmitted. Epigehhcs controls which genes are active + when.

Related Questions

X. Write a da Subway system in which you define a new type Subway System A Subway Systemen of a private ArrayList lines. No methasoher than the constructed the addline method should modify this array list. Your class should have the following co-static methods (25 points) • Write a c tor Subway system that takes thing asing and initializes the private property lines to be an empty mysl • Write a method adine which takes as input a MetroLine newline and acknowline to the array lest lines. The mathed should retun void • Write a method got Distance Travelled which takes as in ArrayList path and returns a double representing the tual distance travelled or a paththalpos from the first Metrostation in the anaylist, to the Metrostation to the third til the cod of the array listHe cach Metrostation along the joy the calculate the distance between the Metrostation and the prices. If the ArrayList Metrostation path is less than 2 vales, y mesh shox return On You may the wale path issul For m e, if the ArrayList Metrostation path five Metrostation you code calculate the sum of the distance between the fin d ing the second third the third and fourth, and lastly the fourth and final stations. Hint: To calculate the distance between two points, you can use a method defined in the appendix in the Maputilities class . Write a method findNearest Station which takes as input a double x and a double y ad the Metrostation which is nearest to the x and y. To do this, it should leather all the Metrostations of all the Metrotines inside of this lines and find the Metro Station that is the smallest distance away. You can use the same appendix method as in the precis i on You may assume that there is a leadine MetroLine defined in the property lines. You may also assume that every MetroLine in lines has at least one Metrostation in Hint There is no method such as getAll Station defined a Metrotine ohjeet. This is since providing this method would rewal a lot about the implementation of the Metrolines and would differ depending on the kind of collectice you are using to store it. However, you can simulate this art of method by using the get PirstStop () and get Next Stop () methods to access every entry of the AmyList. Remember the condition that will cause getNext Stop (to be null • A method qet Neighboringstations which takes input a Metrostation station and re- turns an ArrayList The Arrayut Metrostation whild consist of all nephring stations to station possibly many if the station in ce may lines). P erample, if statice is the 3rd stop on the blue line, the 6th stop on the red line, and the stop on the green line, then the mothed should return an ArrayList

HTHSCI 1LL3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Color Blindness

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