KINESIOL 1AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Buffy Coat, Vagus Nerve, Proerythroblast

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bronzecicada300

3 Apr 2017

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Regulation of stroke volume: 3 factors: preload amount of stretch of ventricular wall. How much return of blood we get into heart: contractility force of contraction of ventricles, after load pressure contracting ventricles must produce to overcome pressure & move blood through aorta. Regulation of heart rate: several factors: ans, hormones, ions, age, gender, physical tness, temperature. Cardiac accelerator nerves increase stroke volume sympathetic nerves . Increases hr go to coronary blood vessels and many cardiac cells of heart. Vagus nerve parasympathetic decrease hr releases acetylcholine: both nerves innervate both sa & av nodes (mostly at sa node) Rbcs, wbcs, and platelets: plasma is made up of water (91. 5%), proteins (7%), other solutes (1. 5%, blood. Lymphoid stem-cell branch forms many wbcs. Red blood cells also known as erythrocytes contain hemoglobin thats used to carry o2 to all cells: each hemoglobin molecule contains an iron ion which allows each molecule to bind.

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c) How going from laying to standing affects arterial blood pressure in the head region?

When we are laying down the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is at the same level of the heart which is about 100 mm Hg. When we try to stand up from the lying position, our head is placed above our heart and gravity starts to pull the blood back downwards to our heart and feet. Return of venous blood is reduced and this leads to a decrease in cardiac stroke volume and decline in mean arterial pressure which is reduced to 60-70 mm Hg. This decreases the flow of blood to head. In response to this reduction in arterial blood pressure in the brain, parasympathetic nervous system is withdrawn and sympathetic nervous system is activated to pump more blood to head region via increased heart rates.

d) How the baroreceptors reflex explains the higher HRs during standing

When a person stands up, baroreceptor reflexes are rapidly activated to restore arterial pressure so that mean arterial pressure normally is not reduced by more than a few mmHg when a person is standing compared to lying down. However, in order to maintain this normal mean arterial pressure, the person who is standing upright has increased systemic vascular resistance (sympathetic mediated), decreased venous compliance (due to sympathetic activation of veins), decreased stroke volume (due to decreased preload), and increased heart rate (baroreceptor-mediated tachycardia).

KINESIOL 1AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Buffy Coat, Vagus Nerve, Proerythroblast

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