KINESIOL 1F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Mitochondrion, Phosphocreatine, Glycogen

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5 Jun 2016

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Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. Bioenergetics: converting foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) into energy. Major source of cellular electricity + intracellular signaling. Speeds processes up, breaks down glucose to make it available for absorption. Protein synthesis is the main mechanism in body growth and changes. It results in the production of amino acid chains which are for proteins (important component in body). But for short term reactions importance of protein synthesis is the production of variety enzymes for different reactions as needed by the body for that moment. Since we cannot exist without enzymes, protein synthesis is needed for our existence. Describe the major cellular reactions (i. e. , endergonic-exergonic, oxidationreduction). Endergonic reactions: require energy to be added, endothermic. Exergonic reactions: release energy (transfer to mechanical and/or chemical and thermal, exothermic. Reduction: addition of an electron, oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions, often involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons.

Related Questions

One feature of a prokaryote that is not found in a eukaryote includes what?

A. a plasma membrane

B. ribosomes

C. lack of nucleus

D. DNA

E. cytoplasm

Which is a series of interconnected membranous tubules that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids?

A. endoplasmic reticulum

B. vacuole

C. nucleus

D. lysosome

E. Golgi apparatus

What kind of metabolic pathway takes small molecules and builds them into larger ones, requiring energy?

A. catabolic

B. anabolic

C. bioenergetics

D. metabolism

Why canât cells store extra free energy?

A. it would result in an increase of heat, which would denature enzymes

B. it would result in a lack of space, which would keep out other molecules

C. they can store free energy, which is why we are able to survive

D. it would result in a lowering of heat, which would freeze the cells

Reactions that absorb free energy are called what?

A. potential

B. kinetic

C. exergonic

D. endergonic

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

1.Aerobic cellular respiration: In the absence of oxygen â what processes stop? Why do they stop?

2. Do the reactions that are unique to fermentation itself (not the reactions of glycolysis that precede the fermentation-specific steps) provide the cell with additional useful high-energy molecules? Explain briefly. If you answered yes â how many high-energy molecules and what kind? If you answered no â then why does the cell do the fermentation step?

3. Do the cells in your body do fermentation? Explain.

4. When cells use fermentation instead of aerobic cellular respiration, is NAD+/NADH involved in this process? What happens to this molecule? Explain briefly.

5. Your body can harness energy from sources besides carbohydrates like glucose. Briefly explain how proteins and fats can be broken down and funneled into the reactions of cellular respiration.

KINESIOL 1F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Mitochondrion, Phosphocreatine, Glycogen

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