KINESIOL 2F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ductus Arteriosus, Vascular Resistance, Atrial Septal Defect
2 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Two major developmental periods: dramatic change from fetal to neonatal, maturation of systems from early post natal to adult state. Functional development important to understand response of child to exercise. 3 weeks post fertilization: cardiogenic cells in lateral portion of neural crest. Endocardial tubes move towards one another and fuse to become primitive heart tube. Atrial and ventricular cells differentiate and right ward loop: angiogenic cell clusters grow and migrate into blood vessels. Primitive heart beat: contraction and relaxation (6wks) Placenta: interface between maternal and fetal circulation, umbilical vein transports 02 and nutrients to fetus, umbilical arteries (2) transport venous blood to placenta for re-oxygenation and waste elimination. Fetal cardiac output through lungs is 10-15: right atrium through foramen ovale to left atrium (equal pressure on both sides, pulmonary artery to ductus arteriosus to aorta. Hepatic bypass: ductus venosis of umbilical vein to inferior vena cava to right atrium. Closes at birth and gone by 2 weeks.
