KINESIOL 4J03 Lecture Notes - Plantar Fascia, Weight-Bearing, Subtalar Joint

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12 Mar 2014

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Support of the medial longitudinal arch. Palpate and draw the following blm on your partner. Locate the head of the fibula and palpate it posterior to the posterior aspect of the superior tibfib joint. Mark the superior lateral tibia at this point. Locate the small groove on the medial shaft of the tibia approximately 1/3 of the way down the tibia. Confirm you are on the right spot with contraction of the soleus. Draw a line connecting these 2 points to create the soleal line. The vertical line bisects the soleal line down the centre of the shaft of the tibia. It continues way down the shaft of the tibia. Note: some feet have a prominent medial cuneiform. The tubercle of navicular should be approximately 1 finger distal to the head. A small shelf directly inferior to the medial malleolous, way between the malleolous and the inferior calcaneous. It is easier to locate by palpating superior from the calcaneous.

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Considered by many to be the founder of modern economics, Adam Smith published his masterpiece The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Smith wrote in support of market economies as feudalism in Europe was unravelling. Hence, many of his insights clashed with the ideas of his contemporaries whom continued to be drawn to less modern notions of markets as governed by duties owed, hierarchy, master and servant, and paternalism. In Smithâs view, markets are guided by the self-interests of market participants, not by obligations imposed, moral or otherwise, by religious authorities, aristocracy, and crown.

Consider the following quote taken from The Wealth of Nations:

It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages. Nobody but a beggar chooses to depend chiefly upon the benevolence of his fellow-citizensâ¦.Every individualâ¦neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting itâ¦.He intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was no part in it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it.

Now suppose that Jim enters the market to purchase a gallon of milk from a local dairy. Jill enters the market to contribute $100 to a charitable cause. Based on Smithâs analysis, which transaction is guided solely by self-interest? How could either transaction contribute to the public interest? Is one superior to the other in that the first transaction confers mutual economic gains to both parties while the other confers a gain to only a single party? Are two gains superior to one? Briefly discuss.

Rules: Limit your thoughts to no more than two pages total, using Microsoft Word, 12 point type in Times New Roman font. Double spaced with one inch margins throughout. Do not worry about being right or wrong, the purpose of this exercise is for you to stretch your mind and to think critically

1. Jeremy earned $260,000 in salary and $9,000 in interest income during the year. Jeremy has two qualifying dependent children who live with him. He qualifies to file as head of household and has $20,500 in itemized deductions. Neither of his dependents qualifies for the child tax credit. (use the tax rate schedules.). (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round "Income tax liability" to 2 decimal places.)

a. Use the 2017 tax rate schedules to determine Jeremyâs taxes due.

	Description	Amount
(1)	Gross income	?
(2)	For AGI deductions	?
(3)	Adjusted gross income	$0
(4)	Standard deduction	?
(5)	Itemized deductions	?
(6)	?	?
(7)	Personal and dependency exemptions	?
(8)	Taxable income	$0
	Income tax liability	?

2. b. Assume that in addition to the original facts, Jeremy has a long-term capital gain of $12,500. What is Jeremyâs tax liability including the tax on the capital gain?

	Description	Amount
(1)	Gross income	?
(2)	For AGI deductions	?
(3)	Adjusted gross income	$0
(4)	Standard deduction	?
(5)	Itemized deductions	?
(6)	?	?
(7)	Personal and dependency exemptions	?
(8)	Taxable income	$0
	Income tax liability	?

3. c. Assume the original facts except that Jeremy had only $3,000 in itemized deductions. What is Jeremyâs total income tax liability?

	Description	Amount
(1)	Gross income	?
(2)	For AGI deductions	?
(3)	Adjusted gross income	$0
(4)	Standard deduction	?
(5)	Itemized deductions	?
(6)	?	?
(7)	Personal and dependency exemptions	?
(8)	Taxable income	$0
	Income tax liability ?

4. Jasper and Crewella Dahvill were married in year 0. They filed joint tax returns in years 1 and 2. In year 3, their relationship was strained and Jasper insisted on filing a separate tax return. In year 4, the couple divorced. Both Jasper and Crewella filed single tax returns in year 4. In year 5, the IRS audited the coupleâs joint year 2 tax return and each spouseâs separate year 3 tax returns. The IRS determined that the year 2 joint return and Crewellaâs separate year 3 tax return understated Crewellaâs self-employment income, causing the joint return year 2 tax liability to be understated by $13,300 and Crewellaâs year 3 separate return tax liability to be understated by $6,700. The IRS also assessed penalties and interest on both of these tax returns. Try as it might, the IRS has not been able to locate Crewella, but they have been able to find Jasper. (Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required.)

a. What amount of tax can the IRS require Jasper to pay for the Dahvillâs year 2 joint return?

Amount of tax: ?

5. Trudy and Ben file a joint return. Trudyâs reported income creates $200 of income tax and Benâs reported income creates $180 of income tax. In addition to the reported income, Trudy has unreported income on which she owes $50 of income tax. How much of the $430 potential tax liability is Ben liable for?

a. $50

b. $180

c. $380

d. $430

6. James received $25,000 of compensation from his employer and he received $1,900 of interest from a municipal bond. What is the amount of Jamesâs gross income?

a. $0

b. $1,900

c. $25,000

d. $26,900

7. Which of the following is a from AGI deduction?

a. moving expenses

b. rental and royalty expenses

c. business expenses for a self employed taxpayer

d. charitable contributions

8.Which of the following is not an itemized deduction?

a. personal casualty losses

b. medical expenses

c. personal property taxes for a personal use automobile

d. charitable contributions

e. none of the choices are correct

9. In May of year 1, David left his wife Juliette. While the couple was apart, they were not legally divorced. Juliette found herself having to financially provide for the coupleâs only child (6 years of age) and to pay all the costs of maintaining the household. When Juliette filed her tax return for year 1, she filed a return separate from David. What is Julietteâs most favorable filing status for year 1?

a. head of household

b. single

c. married filing separately

d. qualifying widow

10. Caroline and her husband Chris got divorced in May of this year. During the year, Caroline provided all the support for herself and her 23-year-old child Hans (not a full-time student) who lived in the same home as Caroline for the entire year. Hans earned $29,000 this year. What is the Carolineâs most favorable filing status for the year?

a. head of household

b. married filing separately

c. surviving spouse single

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KINESIOL 4J03 Lecture Notes - Plantar Fascia, Weight-Bearing, Subtalar Joint

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