LIFESCI 2C03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Guanylyl Cyclase, Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor, Ryanodine Receptor 2
16 Feb 2016
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Document Summary
Synaptic transmission: acts through a narrow cleft, membranes not physically touching. Paracrine signaling: acts over a longer range; involves the secretion of chemical groups onto a groupof nearby target cells. Endocrine signaling: secretion of hormones into the bloodstream -> affect targets throughout the body (target molecules in distant cells) Chemical signal requires 3 components: a molecular signal to transmit information, a receptor molecule that transduces the information, a target molecule that mediates the response. When this process takes in a target cell is called intracellular signal. Example of intercellular communication is chemical synaptic transmission (neurotransmitter -> receptor -> target molecule, ion channel -> postsynaptic cell) Advantage of chemical signaling to both inter and intracellular = signal transduction amplification. Signal amplification e. g. , norepinephrine bind to receptor -> cyclic amp x. 1000 (2nd messengers) protein kinases -> amplification of many phosphates transferred to target proteins. Generate much larger number of molecule products than the molecules.
