MEDRADSC 2S03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Bladder Cancer, Transitional Epithelium, Serous Membrane
24 Jun 2016
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Document Summary
The urinary system functions to filter blood to remove waste in the kidneys. Urine is drained to the bladder where it is stored, then released during urination. Inferior to the peritoneum therefore superior layer is a serous membrane. Submucosa - connective tissue with blood vessels and nerves. Ranks 4th among cancer sites in men; 8th in females. Geography: high in north america and western europe. > 65 yrs - peak at 73 years. Smoking is a major risk factor ( 2-3x risk) High risk occupations: workers in the rubber, chemical, and leather industries, hairstylists, machinists, metal workers, printers, painters, textile workers, and truck drivers. **small bowel very radiosensitive structure, need to be shield. Pain in the rectal, anal and pelvic areas. Imaging studies: ivp, ct pelvis or mri pelvis. Porphyrin injected; taken up by cancer cells; visible with a blue light. Tcc: transitional cell carcinoma (90 95%) (can arise from a papilloma or the epithelium)
