NURSING 2LA2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Protease
11 Jan 2019
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Document Summary
Copd underdiagnosed, affects at least 700 000 adults, app. 4. 4% canadians aged 35 years or older: 4. 7% in females and 3. 9% in males. 4th leading cause of death in females, 5th in males. Higher prevalence in women except for the > or = 75 years age group. Mortality rates higher in men than females. Cigarette smoking: #1 cause of copd, 15-20% smokers -> copd dx; 80-90% dx copd have hx of smoking, toxic to cells in lungs and impairs mechanisms responsible for lung tissue repair. Genetics: genetics susceptibilities polymorphisms of genes that code for tnf, surfactant, proteases and antiproteases. Inherited mutation in alpha 1 antitrypsin gene -> aat deficiency: heterogenous nature of copd attributed to multiple genetic and environmental factors as well as gene-gene and gene-environment interactions (epigenetics) Environmental: long term inhalational exposure to: occupational dusts/chemical; indoor pollution from heating and cooking w/ biomass fuels; outdoor pollution.
