NURSING 3PA2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Neutrophil, Papillary Muscle, Milrinone
7 Mar 2018
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Endothelial cell injury: normal endothelium is smooth, with very tight junctions between individual cells. The endothelium is occasionally subjected to injury from factors such as cigarette smoking, mechanical stress caused by hypertension, elevated ldl levels or the immune system mechanisms. Atherosclerotic lesions tend to form where vessels branch or in areas of turbulent flow suggesting that hemodynamic factors also play an important role in causing endothelial injury. When the endothelium suffers injury, or when cholesterol levels (especially ldls are high, monocytes become sticky and attach themselves to the endothelium in response to expression of adhesion molecules. The endothelium then loses some of its ability to produce antithrombotic vasodilating cytokines. Monocyte emigration: one of the early responses to endothelial injury or to the presence of elevated levels of ldls is movement of monocytes into the intimal layer of the endothelium squeezing through the cell junctions.
