NURSING 3PA2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Constipation, Perfusion, Smoking Cessation
7 Mar 2018
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Document Summary
Diabetes mellitus: disorder of carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism with absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Acute complications: include hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia states of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. Chronic complications: can be further broken down into microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy & nephropathy) & macrovascular complications (cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and coronary artery disease) Triggers or underlying etiology of acute complications often includes concurrent illness & factors related to the management of plasma glucose levels including noncompliance with diet or pharmacology therapy or side effects of pharmacological therapy. Chronic hyperglycemia & the resultant metabolic events have been associated with the underlying etiology of chronic complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia affects cells that do not effectively reduce the transport of glucose into the cell in a hyperglycemic state resulting in intracellular hyperglycemia. Defined as the development of neurogenic/autonomic and/or neuroglycopenic symptoms.
