PHILOS 2YY3 Lecture 8: IntroductiontoEthics2YY3L8
27 Sep 2016
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Common questions value theorists ask: have value. Ie: coffee x is better than coffee y this is appealing to some theory of. Ie: your new boyfriend is better than your ex appealing to some theory of value or multiple (appearance, politeness, financial worth, etc) Value monism: there is only one ultimate good. All other goods derive their value from the ultimate good. Ie: philosopher john stuart mill: happiness is the ultimate good, and all other goods (knowledge, friendship, achievement, etc) help promote happiness actions are right if they promote happiness, and wrong if they reduce happiness. Value pluralism: there are multiple fundamental goods, none of which derives its goodness from another. Follows moral intuition that we take many things to be high importance (knowledge, achievement, etc) and we typically think of them as separate. Ie: philosopher w. d. ross: there are principles that are fundamentally and good and separate from each other (gratitude, self-improvement, non-maleficence, fidelity, reparation, etc)
