PSYCH 1XX3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Zygosity, Abo Blood Group System, Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence
Document Summary
Sperm + ovum= single cell zygote (46 chromosomes) Each parent can produce more than 8 million different genetic combinations. in theory any couple can produce 64 trillion genetically different offspring. Monozygotic twins: come from same sperm and ovum which forms a single zygote that splits (genetically identical) Dizygotic twins: come from different sperm and ovum (share 50%~ of genes, no more ge(cid:374)eti(cid:272)all(cid:455) si(cid:373)ilar tha(cid:374) a(cid:374)(cid:455) t(cid:449)o si(cid:271)li(cid:374)gs)(cid:859) Phenotype: the e(cid:454)pressio(cid:374) of a(cid:374) i(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual(cid:859)s ge(cid:374)ot(cid:455)pe i(cid:374) ter(cid:373)s of o(cid:271)ser(cid:448)a(cid:271)le (cid:272)hara(cid:272)teristi(cid:272)s. The expression of genotype into phenotype for particular traits can follow one of several patterns of inheritance. Four patterns of genetic expression: simple dominant-recessive inheritance: a pattern of inheritance in which the expression of a trait is determined by a single pair of alleles. One allele is inherited from each parent. This pair of alleles determines the phenotypic expression. Homozygous: when two alleles are the same and have the same effect on the phenotype.
