PSYCH 2AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Parenting Styles, Longitudinal Study, Protective Factor
10 Jan 2017
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November 22, 2016
Stability of Attachment Style
- If family environment consistent, then attachment is consistent
o Longitudinal research
▪ Children with insecure attachment at age 1
▪ Likelihood of 90% insecure attachment by age 17
o If major change in circumstances, then attachment can change as well
▪ Divorce, death, people moving
▪ Can cause secure to insecure attachment
▪ Waters et al. (1995) longitudinal study
SUMMARY
- Attachment to primary caregiver is adaptive
o Foatio of affetioal od though hild’s sigals ad paets’ esposes
o Formation of attachment style based on parental responding
- Attachment style usually persists into adulthood
o Is parent a truly safe base?
▪ Effects on friendships, romantic relationships
- Interactions with
o Temperament
▪ 40% babies are easy babies
▪ 60% of babies have secure attachments
o Parenting style
PARENTING STYLE
- Referring to patterns of interaction
- Temperament, attachment style, and parenting are all related
o Temperament can affect likelihood of secure attachment
o Parenting can affect likelihood of secure attachment
o Temperament can affect parenting
- Emotional tone of the family
o Warmth vs. hostility
o Parental responsiveness
- Methods of control in the family
o Rules
o Expectations
o Punishments
- A 2x2 parenting style model
Emotional Tone
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Document Summary
If family environment consistent, then attachment is consistent: longitudinal research, children with insecure attachment at age 1. Likelihood of 90% insecure attachment by age 17. If major change in circumstances, then attachment can change as well: divorce, death, people moving, can cause secure to insecure attachment, waters et al. (1995) longitudinal study. Attachment to primary caregiver is adaptive: fo(cid:396)(cid:373)atio(cid:374) of affe(cid:272)tio(cid:374)al (cid:271)o(cid:374)d th(cid:396)ough (cid:272)hild"s sig(cid:374)als a(cid:374)d pa(cid:396)e(cid:374)ts" (cid:396)espo(cid:374)ses, formation of attachment style based on parental responding. Is parent a truly safe base: effects on friendships, romantic relationships. Interactions with: temperament, 40% babies are easy babies, 60% of babies have secure attachments, parenting style. Temperament, attachment style, and parenting are all related: temperament can affect likelihood of secure attachment, parenting can affect likelihood of secure attachment, temperament can affect parenting. Emotional tone of the family: warmth vs. hostility, parental responsiveness. Methods of control in the family: rules, expectations, punishments.
