PSYCH 2B03 Lecture Notes - Kenneth Spence, Walter Mischel, Clark L. Hull
14 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Cognitive Social Learning Theory: Albert Bandura + Walter Mischel
May 22, 2018
History of Behaviourism
** IGNORE MENTAL STATES**
- Watson; Radical Behaviourism
o Forget about consciences
o Ignore mental states – the do’t eist
o Must be observable, external behaviour
o Othes a epeat, e a’t epeat itospetio data
o Behaviourist part – methodological
▪ All that we can use as data in psych is observable behaviour
o Radical side
▪ Thee is’t etal otet
▪ Mental thoughts are sub-vocal speech
▪ Radical behaviorism took over psychology for 15-20 years
▪ After that, people became disillusioned with the radical aspect
o Link up presentation of stimuli to responses
o Basing ideas of research on forms of learning
▪ Pavlov
o We can understand almost all human behaviour including mental states but
knowing learning mechanisms
o Anti-theoretical
▪ Believed in input - output
- Thorndike: Instrumental Learning
o Strength and frequency of behaviour is controlled by the consequence of that
behaviour
▪ Positive consequence, strength frequency of behaviour
▪ Negative consequence, weaker frequency of behaviour
- General Learning Theory
o Clark Hull
o Kenneth Spence
- B.F Skinner: Radical behaviourism returns
o Retued to Watso’s adial ehaiouis
o Also believed that theories were unimportant – should be trying for relationships
between stimuli and responses
o Interested in schedules of reinforcement
▪ How reinforcement affected patterns of behaviour
▪ Believed babies should be raised in a similar way – reinforced for certain
behaviours
History of Cognitivism
- People abandoned classical learning behaviourism because they were trying to
understand human behaviour (verbal learning)
o Responses were learned through chained responses
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o There was an order to learning
- Alan Turing: Digital Computer
o Eal 94’s – digital computer
▪ Individual with pencil and paper who did mathematical calculations
▪ Needed faster way to do calculations so they developed a special
machine – computer
• Built based on description of computing machine developed by
Alan Turing
• A lot of computer jargon we use came from this time
o Producing output that was very human-like
o Became a model for the human mind
o Metaphor for mind
- Donald Broadbent: Selective Attention
o He was a psychologist in Britain
o There had to be someone in there watching the cameras to watch for bombers
o Cocktail party effect
▪ People pay attention to somethings and not others
o His theory was borrowed to create:
▪ Multistore model of memory
• Long-term memory
• Sensory memory
• Short-term memory
Badua’s Distitios
- Canadian
- Polish parents
- 1949 – undergrad degree @ BC
- Bobo doll experiment
o Wathig othe people’s ehaiou shapes ou ehaiou
o Angry parents = angry kids
Mishel’s Citiue of Taits
- Pesoalit ad Assesset (1968)
o A book he wrote
o Dominant approach at the time was trait approach
▪ Identifies the source of behaviour as totally and solely within the
individual
▪ Traits govern the behaviour we engage in
▪ Consistent across situations because of these consistent traits
o This ignores environment and situation completely
o Trait – Behaviour correlation = ~.30
o Behaviour – behaviour correlation = ~.30
▪ Not as high as ou’d epet gie the assuptio that taits ae the
constant unchanging foundation of behaviour
- Developed marshmallow test
o Kid’s ailit to dela gatifiatio
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
