PSYCH 2H03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Implicit Memory, Encoding Specificity Principle
25 Feb 2020
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Lecture 32 - Memory Retrieval
The relationship between acquisition and retrieval:
- Associative strength
o How strong is the association between two pieces of info?
- Context dependent learning
o State depending
o Encoding specificity
o Transfer appropriate processing
o It doesn’t only matter how deeply you encode that info, but also how that
information is encoded
o You are never encoding info in isolation; you encode many different things
▪ The environment the info is being learnt in
▪ Your mood
▪ The people around you
▪ All these can serve as retrieval cues*
- Specificity of processing
- Recall vs. recognition
- Explicit vs. implicit memory
o Memories we consciously retrieve vs. those that subconsciously impact our
behavior
- Amnesia
Memory acquisition and retrieval:
- They are interactive and interdependent
- Is deep processing always superior to shallow processing?
o Levels of processing view says yes BUT it actually:
▪ Depends on what you need to retrieve
▪ Depends on the cue you encode
- What makes a cue effective?
o The associative strength between the cue and the target
o Ex: Ps presented with pairs of words (meow and cat)
▪ Meow = cue
▪ Asked to recall target later on (ex: cat)
- Spreading activation:
o Knowledge that is represented across neural networks
Document Summary
Explicit vs. implicit memory: memories we consciously retrieve vs. those that subconsciously impact our behavior. Is deep processing always superior to shallow processing: levels of processing view says yes but it actually, depends on what you need to retrieve, depends on the cue you encode. What makes a cue effective: the associative strength between the cue and the target, ex: ps presented with pairs of words (meow and cat, meow = cue, asked to recall target later on (ex: cat) Spreading activation: knowledge that is represented across neural networks even with respect to semantic knowledge, we have neural networks info that is related in the real world is represented as being related in memory associative strength: The notion that your physiological state can serve as a cue for retrieval. The importance of perspective at the time of encoding and at the time of retrieval. Involves: location, physiology (ex: intoxicated vs. sober, mood, environment (ex: visual, auditory, olfactory)
