PSYCH 3BA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Assertiveness, Postpartum Depression, Pessimism
18 Apr 2018
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Document Summary
Learned optimism: optimism as attributional style: individuals contribute causes to positive and negative outcomes in their life (based on how we understand the past) Goal expectancy: positive expectancy that goals will be reached. Optimism is expectations for future outcomes (more positive outcomes in future events) Experience of inescapable aversive events (dog experiment) Dogs learned to be helpless by giving shocks depression people learned there is nothing they can do. Internal vs. external cause: is the cause is about us (internal) or the cause is about the world outside us (external) Stable vs. unstable causes: causes are stable or can be changed frequently (unstable) Global vs. specific causes: causes related to wide rage of events (global) or influence specific events. For success: pessimistic and optimistic are reversed. Analyse the verbal contents and determine attribution. Application: sports team (1985 mets and cardinals) Mets: optimistic explanation for loss of the game. Cardinals: pessimistic explanation for failures of the game.
