PSYCH 3CC3 Lecture 1: Introduction to Forensic Psychology
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Forensic Psychology
Most applicable psychology course.
-
Forensic = pertaining to the law.
Latin
○
-
Encountered first through the media
E.g., Silence of the Lambs (1991)
○
E.g., Profiler: Mind Over Murder (1996-2000)
Very inaccurate depiction of forensic psych.
§
○
E.g., Criminal Minds (2005 - )
BAU - one of the only accurate depictions .
§
○
E.g., CSI
Problematic for law
§
People thought that forensic evidence was the most important in a case because of these shows.
§
Therefore, they distrusted an sort of non-forensic evidence.
§
○
E.g., Lie to Me
Inaccurate
§
○
E.g., BULL
Inaccurate
§
Depicts jury selection business.
§
Based on Dr. Phil
§
○
These shows usually demonstrate the tiniest piece of forensic psychology --> criminal profiling.
There are actually many more types/applications of forensic psychology.
§
○
-
Forensic Sciences A-Z
Many categories (i.e., A-Z) of forensic areas.
-
Forensic just means pertaining to the law so there's pretty much forensic anything.
-
Forensic psych = application of psychological knowledge to legal cases.
-
Anthropology
Victim identification from bones.
○
Facial reconstruction.
○
-
Biology
Botany
○
Entomology
○
-
Chemistry
Analysis of substances
○
-
Engineering
Accident reconstruction
○
Fire & explosion analysis
○
-
Medicine
Pathology
○
Odontology
○
Toxicology
○
-
Meteorology
-
Accounting
-
Forensic Evidence?
What proportion of criminal trials include the presentation of forensic evidence?
More than 85%
○
60% to 84%
○
45% to 59%
○
20% to 44%
○
Less than 20% -- actually probably close to 10%
○
-
What proportion of forensic evidence collected is actually analyzed?
More than 85%
○
60% to 84%
○
45% to 59% -- ~ 50% (e.g., consider rape kit backlogs)
○
20% to 44%
○
Less than 20%
○
-
CSI has us believe that forensic evidence is the best & most valid/reliable evidence.
Actually, there's a high error rate.
○
-
Case: Bite-Mark Forensics
20% error rate of bite mark identification with dentition of the accused.
○
-
Case: Hair/DNA
High error rate
○
E.g., man served 23 years on the basis of hair analysis, but the hair turned out to be a dog hair years later.
○
-
FBI has now admitted the error rates for many tests/analyses
E.g., Hair analysis very poor prior to 2006.
○
Many people have been let free from prison on the basis of the error rates in the past.
○
Bad reliability --> 95% error rate for hair before 2000
Many people were executed or were on death row because of these errors.
§
○
High error rate for bullet evidence
In the past, investigators used to match bullets to suspect.
§
Up to 25% of cases accurate when guns are not matching the bullets.
§
When gun & bullets match, low accuracy rate.
§
○
-
Problem because we deem these to be accurate.
DNA analysis is the only one deemed to be accurate, but it still has an error rate.
○
-
Analysis is biased as well.
Analysists are humans.
○
They work for police, DA, Crown, etc.
○
They have a bias to find who did it.
○
-
Forensic Psych Timeline
1842: Edgar Allen Poe's "Murders in the Rue Morgue" - M. Auguste Dupin
Forensic psych begins in fiction before reality.
○
M. Dupin makes the first profile of a criminal.
○
-
1887: Sherlock Holmes story "A Study in Scarlet"
Fiction again.
○
Dipicts profiling.
○
-
1888: Dr. Thomas Bond provides first offender profile in London's Whitechapel murders case
"Jack the Ripper"
○
Unsolved crime
○
Profile:
Great physical strength
§
Homicidal, erotic
§
Vengeful mania
§
Religious
§
Quiet, respectable, middle aged, solitary, etc.
§
○
-
1895: In US, James McKeen Cattell conducts research on memory accuracy.
Memory accuracy research has important implications in witness testimony.
○
Findings still relevant.
○
-
1896: Albert von Schrenk-Notzing testifies about effects of pretrial publicity on witness recall.
Germany
○
Testifies in a case.
○
Not as relevant in Canada because you can ban the public release of evidence/trials, but this is still a huge problem in the US.
○
-
1901: William Stern conducts research on eyewitness testimony & leading questions.
Although leading questions are not allowed in court, attorneys can ask the question & get it thrown out, but its already swayed the court.
○
-
1908: Hugo Munsterberg publishes "On the Witness Stand."
Attempt to understand the psychology of witnesses.
○
Considered the first forensic psychology.
○
-
1916: Lewis Terman's Stanford-Binet IQ test used to assess police/fire applicants in California.
Stanford-Binet IQ test (English translation)
○
Used to assess the fitness of people entering legal system occupations.
○
-
1923: In Frye vs US, W. Marston provides expert testimony re polygraph results.
First lie detection system (polygraph)
Measured blood pressure.
§
Systolic BP = lying.
§
○
Testified but because technique was not "widely accepted", his testimony was disallowed.
Set a standard for the nature of expert testimony.
§
○
-
1954: US Psychologists testify re affects of segregation in Brown vs Board of Education.
Determined that segregation was inherently unequal (in terms of schools for black vs white kids)
○
Based heavily on testimony of psychologists.
First time forensic psych testimony was used as support for a ruling.
§
○
-
1962: In Jenkins vs US, court recognizes testimony of psychologists re mental illness.
Prior to this, physicians/psychiatrists were the only ones who could provide testimony on mental state.
○
-
2001: APA recognizes forensic psychology as a specialization within psychology.
Very recent.
○
-
Forensic Psych Journals
American Journal of Forensic Psychology
-
Behavioural Sciences & the Law
-
Criminal Justice & Behaviour
-
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice
-
Law & Psychology Review
-
Psychology, Crime & Law
-
Psychology, Public Policy & Law
-
Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling.
-
What Do Forensic Psychologists Do?
Civil Cases
People vs People
○
E.g., Divorce
○
Child custody assessments
Testifies the child's needs/wishes & what would be in their best interest.
§
○
Civil competence assessments
Testifies to whether a person is mental fit to make decisions (e.g., wills, estates, etc.)
§
○
Expert testimony in damage & workman's compensation cases
Determine the extent of psychological harm.
§
○
-
Criminal Cases
Offender profiling
Part of identifying suspects.
§
Investigative.
§
○
Competence to stand trial
Clinical psychologists.
§
○
Assessment of mental illness
Clinical, but can be other.
§
"Insanity Defence" - "insanity" not a psych term, now we'd say "not criminally responsible by virtue of mental disorder."
§
○
Jury selection (in US)
Primarily used in civil cases
§
○
Expertise re witness testimony, etc.
E.g., Reliability of eyewitness's testimony
§
○
Testimony re chances of rehabilitation, risk of violence, etc.
Big role of Canadian researchers - specifically Ontario.
§
○
-
As academics, researchers … (most FP's are academics)
(1) Conduct research on forensic issues.
Detecting truth & depiction.
§
Memory & eyewitness testimony.
§
Jury psychology.
§
Offender characteristics.
§
○
(2) Provide expert testimony on the above.
○
-
Where Do Forensic Psychology Work?
Private clinical practice
Mostly clinical psychs (specific credentials required)
○
-
Private consultant to attorneys
-
Hospital/mental health unit clinician
-
University academic researcher
-
Law enforcement agency
-
Subfields of Forensic Psychology
Clinical-forensic psychology
Largest group
○
Assess & treat mental illness.
○
Expert testimony re mental states in civil & criminal cases.
○
Research on clinical-forensic issues.
○
Credentials: In Ontario, requires Ph.D. plus clinical internship.
○
-
Developmental psychology
Mostly in cases regarding/involving children.
○
More about policy than treatment.
○
Testify re child competence, preferences, etc.
○
Testify re juvenile competence, sentencing options, etc.
○
Testify re effects of abuse.
○
Testify re competence of elderly.
○
Credentials: Typically an academic with Ph.D.
○
-
Social psychology
Mostly about jury psychology & decision-making.
○
Research social influences on witness memory, credibility, jury decision-making.
○
Provide expert testimony re above.
○
Credentials: Typically an academic with Ph.D.
○
-
Cognitive psychology
Similar to social psychology in relation to forensic issues.
○
Research on cognitive processes in memory, decision-making.
○
Provide expert testimony re above.
○
Credentials: typically an academics with Ph. D.
○
-
Criminal investigative psychology
Study & consult on police psychology, assessment.
○
Criminal profiling.
○
Counselling for police & victims.
○
Credentials: M.A. or Ph.D. with assessment &/or clinical expertise.
○
-
Introduction to Forensic Psychology
Sunday, January 21, 2018
9:49 PM
Forensic Psychology
Most applicable psychology course.
-
Forensic = pertaining to the law.
Latin
○
-
Encountered first through the media
E.g., Silence of the Lambs (1991)
○
E.g., Profiler: Mind Over Murder (1996-2000)
Very inaccurate depiction of forensic psych.
§
○
E.g., Criminal Minds (2005 - )
BAU - one of the only accurate depictions .
§
○
E.g., CSI
Problematic for law
§
People thought that forensic evidence was the most important in a case because of these shows.
§
Therefore, they distrusted an sort of non-forensic evidence.
§
○
E.g., Lie to Me
Inaccurate
§
○
E.g., BULL
Inaccurate
§
Depicts jury selection business.
§
Based on Dr. Phil
§
○
These shows usually demonstrate the tiniest piece of forensic psychology --> criminal profiling.
There are actually many more types/applications of forensic psychology.
§
○
-
Forensic Sciences A-Z
Many categories (i.e., A-Z) of forensic areas.
-
Forensic just means pertaining to the law so there's pretty much forensic anything.
-
Forensic psych = application of psychological knowledge to legal cases.
-
Anthropology
Victim identification from bones.
○
Facial reconstruction.
○
-
Biology
Botany
○
Entomology
○
-
Chemistry
Analysis of substances
○
-
Engineering
Accident reconstruction
○
Fire & explosion analysis
○
-
Medicine
Pathology
○
Odontology
○
Toxicology
○
-
Meteorology
-
Accounting
-
Forensic Evidence?
What proportion of criminal trials include the presentation of forensic evidence?
More than 85%
○
60% to 84%
○
45% to 59%
○
20% to 44%
○
Less than 20% -- actually probably close to 10%
○
-
What proportion of forensic evidence collected is actually analyzed?
More than 85%
○
60% to 84%
○
45% to 59% -- ~ 50% (e.g., consider rape kit backlogs)
○
20% to 44%
○
Less than 20%
○
-
CSI has us believe that forensic evidence is the best & most valid/reliable evidence.
Actually, there's a high error rate.
○
-
Case: Bite-Mark Forensics
20% error rate of bite mark identification with dentition of the accused.
○
-
Case: Hair/DNA
High error rate
○
E.g., man served 23 years on the basis of hair analysis, but the hair turned out to be a dog hair years later.
○
-
FBI has now admitted the error rates for many tests/analyses
E.g., Hair analysis very poor prior to 2006.
○
Many people have been let free from prison on the basis of the error rates in the past.
○
Bad reliability --> 95% error rate for hair before 2000
Many people were executed or were on death row because of these errors.
§
○
High error rate for bullet evidence
In the past, investigators used to match bullets to suspect.
§
Up to 25% of cases accurate when guns are not matching the bullets.
§
When gun & bullets match, low accuracy rate.
§
○
-
Problem because we deem these to be accurate.
DNA analysis is the only one deemed to be accurate, but it still has an error rate.
○
-
Analysis is biased as well.
Analysists are humans.
○
They work for police, DA, Crown, etc.
○
They have a bias to find who did it.
○
-
Forensic Psych Timeline
1842: Edgar Allen Poe's "Murders in the Rue Morgue" - M. Auguste Dupin
Forensic psych begins in fiction before reality.
○
M. Dupin makes the first profile of a criminal.
○
-
1887: Sherlock Holmes story "A Study in Scarlet"
Fiction again.
○
Dipicts profiling.
○
-
1888: Dr. Thomas Bond provides first offender profile in London's Whitechapel murders case
"Jack the Ripper"
○
Unsolved crime
○
Profile:
Great physical strength
§
Homicidal, erotic
§
Vengeful mania
§
Religious
§
Quiet, respectable, middle aged, solitary, etc.
§
○
-
1895: In US, James McKeen Cattell conducts research on memory accuracy.
Memory accuracy research has important implications in witness testimony.
○
Findings still relevant.
○
-
1896: Albert von Schrenk-Notzing testifies about effects of pretrial publicity on witness recall.
Germany
○
Testifies in a case.
○
Not as relevant in Canada because you can ban the public release of evidence/trials, but this is still a huge problem in the US.
○
-
1901: William Stern conducts research on eyewitness testimony & leading questions.
Although leading questions are not allowed in court, attorneys can ask the question & get it thrown out, but its already swayed the court.
○
-
1908: Hugo Munsterberg publishes "On the Witness Stand."
Attempt to understand the psychology of witnesses.
○
Considered the first forensic psychology.
○
-
1916: Lewis Terman's Stanford-Binet IQ test used to assess police/fire applicants in California.
Stanford-Binet IQ test (English translation)
○
Used to assess the fitness of people entering legal system occupations.
○
-
1923: In Frye vs US, W. Marston provides expert testimony re polygraph results.
First lie detection system (polygraph)
Measured blood pressure.
§
Systolic BP = lying.
§
○
Testified but because technique was not "widely accepted", his testimony was disallowed.
Set a standard for the nature of expert testimony.
§
○
-
1954: US Psychologists testify re affects of segregation in Brown vs Board of Education.
Determined that segregation was inherently unequal (in terms of schools for black vs white kids)
○
Based heavily on testimony of psychologists.
First time forensic psych testimony was used as support for a ruling.
§
○
-
1962: In Jenkins vs US, court recognizes testimony of psychologists re mental illness.
Prior to this, physicians/psychiatrists were the only ones who could provide testimony on mental state.
○
-
2001: APA recognizes forensic psychology as a specialization within psychology.
Very recent.
○
-
Forensic Psych Journals
American Journal of Forensic Psychology
-
Behavioural Sciences & the Law
-
Criminal Justice & Behaviour
-
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice
-
Law & Psychology Review
-
Psychology, Crime & Law
-
Psychology, Public Policy & Law
-
Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling.
-
What Do Forensic Psychologists Do?
Civil Cases
People vs People
○
E.g., Divorce
○
Child custody assessments
Testifies the child's needs/wishes & what would be in their best interest.
§
○
Civil competence assessments
Testifies to whether a person is mental fit to make decisions (e.g., wills, estates, etc.)
§
○
Expert testimony in damage & workman's compensation cases
Determine the extent of psychological harm.
§
○
-
Criminal Cases
Offender profiling
Part of identifying suspects.
§
Investigative.
§
○
Competence to stand trial
Clinical psychologists.
§
○
Assessment of mental illness
Clinical, but can be other.
§
"Insanity Defence" - "insanity" not a psych term, now we'd say "not criminally responsible by virtue of mental disorder."
§
○
Jury selection (in US)
Primarily used in civil cases
§
○
Expertise re witness testimony, etc.
E.g., Reliability of eyewitness's testimony
§
○
Testimony re chances of rehabilitation, risk of violence, etc.
Big role of Canadian researchers - specifically Ontario.
§
○
-
As academics, researchers … (most FP's are academics)
(1) Conduct research on forensic issues.
Detecting truth & depiction.
§
Memory & eyewitness testimony.
§
Jury psychology.
§
Offender characteristics.
§
○
(2) Provide expert testimony on the above.
○
-
Where Do Forensic Psychology Work?
Private clinical practice
Mostly clinical psychs (specific credentials required)
○
-
Private consultant to attorneys
-
Hospital/mental health unit clinician
-
University academic researcher
-
Law enforcement agency
-
Subfields of Forensic Psychology
Clinical-forensic psychology
Largest group
○
Assess & treat mental illness.
○
Expert testimony re mental states in civil & criminal cases.
○
Research on clinical-forensic issues.
○
Credentials: In Ontario, requires Ph.D. plus clinical internship.
○
-
Developmental psychology
Mostly in cases regarding/involving children.
○
More about policy than treatment.
○
Testify re child competence, preferences, etc.
○
Testify re juvenile competence, sentencing options, etc.
○
Testify re effects of abuse.
○
Testify re competence of elderly.
○
Credentials: Typically an academic with Ph.D.
○
-
Social psychology
Mostly about jury psychology & decision-making.
○
Research social influences on witness memory, credibility, jury decision-making.
○
Provide expert testimony re above.
○
Credentials: Typically an academic with Ph.D.
○
-
Cognitive psychology
Similar to social psychology in relation to forensic issues.
○
Research on cognitive processes in memory, decision-making.
○
Provide expert testimony re above.
○
Credentials: typically an academics with Ph. D.
○
-
Criminal investigative psychology
Study & consult on police psychology, assessment.
○
Criminal profiling.
○
Counselling for police & victims.
○
Credentials: M.A. or Ph.D. with assessment &/or clinical expertise.
○
-
Introduction to Forensic Psychology
Sunday, January 21, 2018
9:49 PM
Forensic Psychology
Most applicable psychology course.
-
Forensic = pertaining to the law.
Latin
○
-
Encountered first through the media
E.g., Silence of the Lambs (1991)
○
E.g., Profiler: Mind Over Murder (1996-2000)
Very inaccurate depiction of forensic psych.
§
○
E.g., Criminal Minds (2005 - )
BAU - one of the only accurate depictions .
§
○
E.g., CSI
Problematic for law
§
People thought that forensic evidence was the most important in a case because of these shows.
§
Therefore, they distrusted an sort of non-forensic evidence.
§
○
E.g., Lie to Me
Inaccurate
§
○
E.g., BULL
Inaccurate
§
Depicts jury selection business.
§
Based on Dr. Phil
§
○
These shows usually demonstrate the tiniest piece of forensic psychology --> criminal profiling.
There are actually many more types/applications of forensic psychology.
§
○
-
Forensic Sciences A-Z
Many categories (i.e., A-Z) of forensic areas.
-
Forensic just means pertaining to the law so there's pretty much forensic anything.
-
Forensic psych = application of psychological knowledge to legal cases.
-
Anthropology
Victim identification from bones.
○
Facial reconstruction.
○
-
Biology
Botany
○
Entomology
○
-
Chemistry
Analysis of substances
○
-
Engineering
Accident reconstruction
○
Fire & explosion analysis
○
-
Medicine
Pathology
○
Odontology
○
Toxicology
○
-
Meteorology
-
Accounting
-
Forensic Evidence?
What proportion of criminal trials include the presentation of forensic evidence?
More than 85%
○
60% to 84%
○
45% to 59%
○
20% to 44%
○
Less than 20% -- actually probably close to 10%
○
-
What proportion of forensic evidence collected is actually analyzed?
More than 85%
○
60% to 84%
○
45% to 59% -- ~ 50% (e.g., consider rape kit backlogs)
○
20% to 44%
○
Less than 20%
○
-
CSI has us believe that forensic evidence is the best & most valid/reliable evidence.
Actually, there's a high error rate.
○
-
Case: Bite-Mark Forensics
20% error rate of bite mark identification with dentition of the accused.
○
-
Case: Hair/DNA
High error rate
○
E.g., man served 23 years on the basis of hair analysis, but the hair turned out to be a dog hair years later.
○
-
FBI has now admitted the error rates for many tests/analyses
E.g., Hair analysis very poor prior to 2006.
○
Many people have been let free from prison on the basis of the error rates in the past.
○
Bad reliability --> 95% error rate for hair before 2000
Many people were executed or were on death row because of these errors.
§
○
High error rate for bullet evidence
In the past, investigators used to match bullets to suspect.
§
Up to 25% of cases accurate when guns are not matching the bullets.
§
When gun & bullets match, low accuracy rate.
§
○
-
Problem because we deem these to be accurate.
DNA analysis is the only one deemed to be accurate, but it still has an error rate.
○
-
Analysis is biased as well.
Analysists are humans.
○
They work for police, DA, Crown, etc.
○
They have a bias to find who did it.
○
-
Forensic Psych Timeline
1842: Edgar Allen Poe's "Murders in the Rue Morgue" - M. Auguste Dupin
Forensic psych begins in fiction before reality.
○
M. Dupin makes the first profile of a criminal.
○
-
1887: Sherlock Holmes story "A Study in Scarlet"
Fiction again.
○
Dipicts profiling.
○
-
1888: Dr. Thomas Bond provides first offender profile in London's Whitechapel murders case
"Jack the Ripper"
○
Unsolved crime
○
Profile:
Great physical strength
§
Homicidal, erotic
§
Vengeful mania
§
Religious
§
Quiet, respectable, middle aged, solitary, etc.
§
○
-
1895: In US, James McKeen Cattell conducts research on memory accuracy.
Memory accuracy research has important implications in witness testimony.
○
Findings still relevant.
○
-
1896: Albert von Schrenk-Notzing testifies about effects of pretrial publicity on witness recall.
Germany
○
Testifies in a case.
○
Not as relevant in Canada because you can ban the public release of evidence/trials, but this is still a huge problem in the US.
○
-
1901: William Stern conducts research on eyewitness testimony & leading questions.
Although leading questions are not allowed in court, attorneys can ask the question & get it thrown out, but its already swayed the court.
○
-
1908: Hugo Munsterberg publishes "On the Witness Stand."
Attempt to understand the psychology of witnesses.
○
Considered the first forensic psychology.
○
-
1916: Lewis Terman's Stanford-Binet IQ test used to assess police/fire applicants in California.
Stanford-Binet IQ test (English translation)
○
Used to assess the fitness of people entering legal system occupations.
○
-
1923: In Frye vs US, W. Marston provides expert testimony re polygraph results.
First lie detection system (polygraph)
Measured blood pressure.
§
Systolic BP = lying.
§
○
Testified but because technique was not "widely accepted", his testimony was disallowed.
Set a standard for the nature of expert testimony.
§
○
-
1954: US Psychologists testify re affects of segregation in Brown vs Board of Education.
Determined that segregation was inherently unequal (in terms of schools for black vs white kids)
○
Based heavily on testimony of psychologists.
First time forensic psych testimony was used as support for a ruling.
§
○
-
1962: In Jenkins vs US, court recognizes testimony of psychologists re mental illness.
Prior to this, physicians/psychiatrists were the only ones who could provide testimony on mental state.
○
-
2001: APA recognizes forensic psychology as a specialization within psychology.
Very recent.
○
-
Forensic Psych Journals
American Journal of Forensic Psychology
-
Behavioural Sciences & the Law
-
Criminal Justice & Behaviour
-
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice
-
Law & Psychology Review
-
Psychology, Crime & Law
-
Psychology, Public Policy & Law
-
Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling.
-
What Do Forensic Psychologists Do?
Civil Cases
People vs People
○
E.g., Divorce
○
Child custody assessments
Testifies the child's needs/wishes & what would be in their best interest.
§
○
Civil competence assessments
Testifies to whether a person is mental fit to make decisions (e.g., wills, estates, etc.)
§
○
Expert testimony in damage & workman's compensation cases
Determine the extent of psychological harm.
§
○
-
Criminal Cases
Offender profiling
Part of identifying suspects.
§
Investigative.
§
○
Competence to stand trial
Clinical psychologists.
§
○
Assessment of mental illness
Clinical, but can be other.
§
"Insanity Defence" - "insanity" not a psych term, now we'd say "not criminally responsible by virtue of mental disorder."
§
○
Jury selection (in US)
Primarily used in civil cases
§
○
Expertise re witness testimony, etc.
E.g., Reliability of eyewitness's testimony
§
○
Testimony re chances of rehabilitation, risk of violence, etc.
Big role of Canadian researchers - specifically Ontario.
§
○
-
As academics, researchers … (most FP's are academics)
(1) Conduct research on forensic issues.
Detecting truth & depiction.
§
Memory & eyewitness testimony.
§
Jury psychology.
§
Offender characteristics.
§
○
(2) Provide expert testimony on the above.
○
-
Where Do Forensic Psychology Work?
Private clinical practice
Mostly clinical psychs (specific credentials required)
○
-
Private consultant to attorneys
-
Hospital/mental health unit clinician
-
University academic researcher
-
Law enforcement agency
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Subfields of Forensic Psychology
Clinical-forensic psychology
Largest group
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Assess & treat mental illness.
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Expert testimony re mental states in civil & criminal cases.
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Research on clinical-forensic issues.
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Credentials: In Ontario, requires Ph.D. plus clinical internship.
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Developmental psychology
Mostly in cases regarding/involving children.
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More about policy than treatment.
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Testify re child competence, preferences, etc.
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Testify re juvenile competence, sentencing options, etc.
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Testify re effects of abuse.
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Testify re competence of elderly.
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Credentials: Typically an academic with Ph.D.
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Social psychology
Mostly about jury psychology & decision-making.
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Research social influences on witness memory, credibility, jury decision-making.
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Provide expert testimony re above.
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Credentials: Typically an academic with Ph.D.
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Cognitive psychology
Similar to social psychology in relation to forensic issues.
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Research on cognitive processes in memory, decision-making.
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Provide expert testimony re above.
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Credentials: typically an academics with Ph. D.
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Criminal investigative psychology
Study & consult on police psychology, assessment.
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Criminal profiling.
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Counselling for police & victims.
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Credentials: M.A. or Ph.D. with assessment &/or clinical expertise.
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Introduction to Forensic Psychology
Sunday, January 21, 2018 9:49 PM
Document Summary
Bau - one of the only accurate depictions . Therefore, they distrusted an sort of non-forensic evidence. There are actually many more types/applications of forensic psychology. Forensic just means pertaining to the law so there"s pretty much forensic anything. Forensic psych = application of psychological knowledge to legal cases. People thought that forensic evidence was the most important in a case because of these shows. These shows usually demonstrate the tiniest piece of forensic psychology --> criminal profiling. 45% to 59% -- ~ 50% (e. g. , consider rape kit backlogs) Csi has us believe that forensic evidence is the best & most valid/reliable evidence. 20% error rate of bite mark identification with dentition of the accused. Fbi has now admitted the error rates for many tests/analyses. E. g. , hair analysis very poor prior to 2006. E. g. , man served 23 years on the basis of hair analysis, but the hair turned out to be a dog hair years later.
