BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Streptococcus, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton

• School: Memorial University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 1001
• Professor: Margaret Caldwell

Document Summary

Fixation: killing and preserving cells in a meaningful way that allows them to be studied. Artifacts: artificial structures that don"t accurately mimic natural conditions: scientists must be careful of this when working with techniques that require fixation. 4. 2 physical and biological principles that influence cell structure. Cell membrane is the border between a cell"s exterior and its interior. Virtually all cells export macromolecules from their cytoplasm to outside the cell to form a protective matrix on the exterior side of the cell"s membrane. The cytoplasm is an aqueous environment further organized into specific compartments by internal membranes or complex protein assemblages known as cytoskeleton elements. Creating and maintaining cell structure requires matter, energy, organization, and information. Energy is needed to create molecules and macromolecules and to carry out cellular functions and to create and maintain organization. As a complex organism develops, many cells take on a distinctive structure to perform a specific function.