BIOL 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Haemophilia, Genetic Linkage, Quantitative Trait Locus

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2 Dec 2016

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Diploid cells in eukaryotic organisms have 2 alleles of each gene. Diploid cells genotype has 2 alleles of each gene; haploid=1 allele of each gene. Dominance doesn"t imply high frequency or high fitness. Alleles appear to recede or disappear in heterozygous. When crossed with pure line, always produce offspring with that phenotype. Offspring crosses between homozygous parents with different genotypes. Cross where the phenotypes associated with male and female in prior cross are reversed. If give identical results, sex of pare(cid:374)t does(cid:374)"t i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)e transmission of trait. Cross between homozygous recessive individual and another with dominant phenotype but unknown genotype. Used to determine whether a parent with dominant phenotype is homo or heterozygous. Why offspring resemble their parents and how transmission of traits occurs. Traits observed from mom and dad blend to form traits of observed in their offspring. Traits present in parents are modified, and passed onto offspring in modified form.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?

Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.

Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.

Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.

Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.

QUESTION 3

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?

independent assortment

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?

polygenic inheritance

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:

genotype

a single characteristic

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?

polygenic inheritance

QUESTION 9

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?

polygenic inheritance

QUESTION 10

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?

Both the dominant and recessive alleles

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr Ã AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?

codominance

polygenic inheritance

1. A person is described as a carrier for a particular genetic disease. What does this tell you about their genotype?

2. For any given gene, the principle of independent segregation predicts that each gamete produced as a result of meiosis will contain ____________________

3. A pair of alleles is said to be heterozygous when:

4. In a diploid species, cells can have up to ___ alleles of a particular gene.

5. In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, the number of phenotypic classes observed in the offspring is ______

6. For a person of genotype Xx, the genotype of their gametes may be ______________

7. In a "test cross", an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a ___ individual to determine the unknown genotype.

8. An albino woman has a child with a phenotypically normal man with no family history of albinism (which is a rare recessive disorder). What percentage of their children are likely to be albino?

9. An individual with the dominant phenotype, but an unknown genotype, is test-crossed, and all of the offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype. The genotype of the unknown individual is ______________

10. If two heterozygous individuals for a recessive disease (carriers) have a child, what is the chance that their child will develop the disease?

11. In a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents that both exhibit the dominant phenotype, ___ percent of the offspring will exhibit the recessive phenotype.

12. In a particular type of tomato plant, red fruit is dominant over yellow fruit, and dwarf height is a recessive trait. If two heterozygous plants were crossed, what proportion of the offspring would show the dominant phenotype?

13. In a cross between a BbRr individual and a BBRR one, what do the following represent: BR, Br, bR, br?

14. In humans, the gene that determines whether an embryo develops as a male or a female is carried on _____________

amaranthhare726

Question 1: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

gene, phenotype, chromosome, genotype, allele, genome

2.DNA that provides the instructions for synthesizing various types of small RNA molecules1.The complete set of genetic material in a cellan observable trait (or traits) of an organism

3.DNA that provides instructions for building a proteina variant of a gene

4.DNA of no known function

5.The genetic composition that underlies a trait (or traits)

6.A single molecule of DNA & its associated "helper" molecules

7.The portion of DNA that controls when and where proteins are synthesized

Question 2: Fill in the blank with these terms: dependent variable, independent variable, y-axis, x-axis

Understanding graphs is an important skill in science, since being able to visually depict data is often useful for identifying patterns, and can sometimes be the only tool for easily evaluating whether or not the data supports your hypothesis. When viewing a graph, the______ is plotted on the______, and the______we are measuring is plotted on the_____. For example, in one of the photosynthesis experiments last week, temperature was the______, while the size of the bubble at the end of the experiment was the_____

Question 3: For each of the following terms, select the best definition:

diploid cell, haploid cell, fertilization, zygote, gamete, somatic cell

1. The merging of two gametes

2. Any cell in an organism, except those used for reproduction

3. A cell with only one copy of each gene

4. The process of cell division

5. The cells used for sexual reproduction (generally eggs & sperm)

6. The initial cell of an organism

7. A cell that is capable of differentiating into multiple types of specialized cells

8. A cell with two copies of each gene

BIOL 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Haemophilia, Genetic Linkage, Quantitative Trait Locus

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