BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Adenylyl Cyclase, Ion Channel, Inositol
25 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for both multicellular and unicellular organisms. Biologists discovered some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation. Cells most often communicate via chemical signals. External signals are converted to responses within the cell. The yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, has two mating types, a and (figure 11. 2) Cells of different mating types locate each other via secreted factors specific to each type. A signal transduction pathway converts a signal on a cell"s surface into specific cellular response. Pathway similarities suggest that ancestral signalling molecules evolved in prokaryotes and were modified later in eukaryotes. Most water-soluble signal molecules bind receptor proteins that span plasma membrane. There are three main types of membrane receptors: g-protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases. Associated with a lot of diseases; target of drugs in humans. Weave back and forth 7 times through the membrane. Receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks) are membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines. Receptor tyrosine kinase can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways.
