CHEM 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Covalent Bond, Standing Wave, Antibonding Molecular Orbital

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 112
• Professor: Richard Oleschuk

Document Summary

Hybridization orbitals are blended atomic orbitals obtained when to or more non- equivalent orbitals of the same atom combine in preparation for covalent bond formation. The number of hybrid orbitals equals to the number of pure atomic orbitals. Hybridization is a rationalization of experimentally observed molecular shapes. Extended vb theory: covalent bonds are formed by overlap of pure or hybrid atomic orbitals. Pure atomic orbitals: free state, not bonded to anything (not hybridized) For 3rd and 4th period elements, atomic d orbitals can be involved in hybridization. This is related to molecules with expanded valence shell. Think of ms. dixons notes on hybridization and its relationship to shape. Using this theory we can rationalize the bonding theory think of sigma and pi bonds. Overalapping s bonds are sigma bonds, between the hydrogens and the overlapping ones e. x.