ENSC 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Fluorine, Lead, Speciation
5 Apr 2018
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Document Summary
What potential toxicants are metals and other inorganics : metals such as zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), mercury (hg), lead (pb), etc, metalloids such as arsenic (as, non-metals such as fluorine (f) Inorganic elements may be natural toxicants: example: bangladesh and other parts of asia, millions of people exposed to toxic levels or arsenic in drinking water from a natural source. Natural concentration of metals and regulations: zinc as an example. Nigerian lead poisoning and artisanal gold mining: hundreds of children have died from pb poisoning, exposure group is through artisanal gold mining, gold ore contains lead and is ground at home, exposing children. The bioaccessible fraction is less than the total concentration: only some of it dissolves. Measuring bioaccessible lead in soil: measured using either in-vivo (animal tests) or in-vitro (lab tests) In vivo: these tests are expensive, long in duration, difficult to extrapolate to humans and ethically problematic.
