ENSC 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Horizontal Integration, Food Waste, Vertical Integration
19 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
Food waste occurs all along the supply chain. Behave as a whole- change one thing changes everything. Human resources including labour, research and development and etc. Harder to come up with solutions, every change has an effect. Avoid pit falls of believing a solution has no impact. Horizontal and vertical integration in the food system. Concentration of ownership (though mergers, expansion) of firms in one sector. Analysis of horizontal integration uses the term cr4 to measure concentration in a sector concentration in a sector. Cr4 = concentration ratio of 4 largest firms. Us 4 meatpacking companies process 84% of beef consumed. This ratio continues to increase in virtually every sector of the food industry. The same names keep turning up in each sector. One company absorbs firms up and down the supply chain - across different sectors. There has been a marked increase in both integrations in global food system since.
