HIST 294 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Arab Culture, Henry Kissinger, Fatah
24 Aug 2016
School
Department
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Professor
Monday, February 22, 2016
1967- 1974
Week 7 Lecture: Monday
-Israel now happy
•has buffer zone, much more secure, no reason to start negotiating peace for Arab-
Recognition
•Israel extended its sovereignty to east Jerusalem
•Palestinians in Jerusalem became residents of Israel, but less than citizens
•occupied military zone where law applies
-The 1967 War changed the situation of the Palestinians and the perspective of the
PLO
•raised questions of Arab culture, capacity to win the war, situation of PLO and
Palestinians
•majority of Arabs now lived under Israel occupation in Israeli land
-people don’t have civil rights —> military ruler could impose curfew with the strike
of a pen
-affects anyone working farther away, if stay there too long will lose residential
status
-4h Geneva Convention applies to occupied territories —> everything conducted
through occupied power
•any withdrawal from these territories must be with a peace agreement with Israel
and the Arab States
•Arab states must be willing to accept and recognize Israel
-wanted to compel the Arab states to abandon the state of war
•Arab leaders —> no peace, no direct negotiation
•1967 War changed the political landscape of the Middle East
-The bankruptcy of Pan Arabism
•bankrupt idea
!1
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Monday, February 22, 2016
•Arab states didn’t deliver what they were supposed to to the Palestinians
•what to do next
•changed inter-Arab relations —> attempt to seek reconciliation with Arab
monarchies
-Arab states were discredited due to their poor performance during the war
•culture, type of regime, guiding ideology in this time period discredited
•in 20 years retreated, instead of making progress while Israel became more
powerful
•many Arab countries were in a deep economic recession
-Main Goal of the Arab states after 1967 was to regain the occupied territories rather
than the total destruction of Israel
•goals limited
-Nasser - Johnson
•In December 1967 Nasser sent a secret letter to President Johnson in which he
expressed not only his readiness to resume diplomatic relations with the US, but,
more importantly, his willingness to ‘accept non-belligerency with Israel with all that
implies.’
-huge move from state of war to one of accepting non-belligerency
•Johnson: the US should throw its weight behind the UN initiative conducted by
Ambassador Jarring, a position that Israel also advocated.
-not willing to convene any confidence in both parties, rejecting Nasser’s initiative
•Ahmad Shuqairi, PLO chairman, emphasized PLO dependence on the Arab states
-created secret agencies within —> Shin Bet (Security Services)
-thought that the Pals were too weak and could not liberate themselves
•Yasser Arafat was elected as the chairman of the PLO and the leader of FATAH
movement.
-highly charismatic person, highly authoritarian
-until death orchestrated most of Palestinian politics
!2
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Monday, February 22, 2016
-made sure he would have majority within PLO in both sections
-only force he was able to use was what Israeli’s call terrorism"
Palestinians call it freedom fighting, guerrilla war, etc.
-could not win war by relying on separate movements and attacks
-but by keeping it on the agenda, when Israel was ready could have negotiations
•Israel controlled the territories from which the PLO wanted to launch a war of
liberation of the occupied territories: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
-Israel created secret agencies that allowed them to control the territories and the
people
•most famous territory is called Shim Bet (stands for security services)
•Arafat ordered a series of raids from Jordan, given that the uprising in the territories
did not emerge
-Arafat highly authoritarian
-orchestrated much of Pal politics
-believed that Israel would not withdraw unless the Pals used force
•Pals called this freedom fighting and guerrilla warfare —> Israelis called it
terrorism
-Pals needed more self reliance and less dependance on Arab states
-Arafat started operating from Jordan, ordered a series of raids due to uprising of
territories
•King Hussein of Jordan hoped to regain the territories through negotiations, PLO
through force and armed struggle
-was hoping that Jordan would regain territories through negotiation with Israel
•PLO factionalized: Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PFLP-General Command, etc
-PFLP: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
•head of PFLP: George Habash
-DFLP: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
•head of DFLP: Nayaf Hawatmeh
!3
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Israel now happy: has buffer zone, much more secure, no reason to start negotiating peace for arab- Recognition: israel extended its sovereignty to east jerusalem, palestinians in jerusalem became residents of israel, but less than citizens, occupied military zone where law applies. The 1967 war changed the situation of the palestinians and the perspective of the. Plo: raised questions of arab culture, capacity to win the war, situation of plo and. Palestinians: majority of arabs now lived under israel occupation in israeli land. People don"t have civil rights > military ruler could impose curfew with the strike of a pen. Affects anyone working farther away, if stay there too long will lose residential status. Wanted to compel the arab states to abandon the state of war: arab leaders > no peace, no direct negotiation, 1967 war changed the political landscape of the middle east. The bankruptcy of pan arabism: bankrupt idea.
