PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: False Memory, Repressed Memory, Encoding Specificity Principle
4 Jun 2018
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PSYC 100 – Lecture 16
Encoding and Retrieving Memories
Rehearsal: the basics of encoding
• Maintenance rehearsal: prolonging exposure to information by repeating it
• Elaborative rehearsal: prolonging exposure to information by thinking about its
meaning
o Much better facilitates encoding
• Retrieval
o Encoding specificity principle states that retrieval is the most effective
when it occurs in the same context as encoding
• Flashbulb memories
o Extremely vivid and detailed memory about events and the conditions
surrounding how one learned about such events
• Mnemonics
o Mnemonic is a technique intended to improve memory for specific
information
o Method of loci: a mnemonic that connects words to be remembered to
locations along a familiar path
o Eg. Acronyms
o First-letter technique: uses the first letters of a set of items to spell out
words that form a sentence
o Dual coding: occurs when information is stored in more than one form
o Testing effect: the finding that taking practice tests can improve exam
performance, even without additional studying
Constructing and Reconstructing Memories
• How memories are organized & constructed
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