PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Twin Study, Heritability, Observational Learning
3 Jul 2018
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Lessons Thirteen & Fourteen:
1. Wechsler's IQ test differed from its predecessors in that it:
1.a)Used a deviation (age-normed) instead or a ratio (mental
age/chronological age) IQ
1.b)Added nonverbal (performance) subscales to represent different forms of
intelligence
1.c) Was valid for all age ranges
1.d)All of the above
2. Spearman inferred the existence of a general intelligence g factor from:
2.a)The positive intercorrelations for tests of different intellectual skills
2.b)The tendency for people to score well on either verbal or mathematical
tests, but not on both
2.c) The fact that different tests tap different specific abilities
2.d)High reliability coefficients for the results of individual tests
3. What does research on the confirmation bias suggests about a person who
believes that students at Learning R Us University are not all that bright?
3.a)He will look for examples of stupid students at Learning R Us university
3.b)He will look for examples of smart students at Learning R Us university
3.c) When confronted with examples of smart students at Learning R Us
University, he will play them down as very atypical
3.d)Both a and c
4. Suppose we measure characteristic X in siblings reared together and find a .11
correlation for adopted siblings who are biologically unrelated, compared with a .
56 correlation for fraternal twins, and a 0.93 correlation for identical twins. This
suggests that:
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4.a)Environment contributes comparatively little to variation to
characteristic X
4.b)Environment contributes greatly to variation to characteristic X, but only
for twins
4.c) Both heredity and environment contribute substantially to variation in
characteristic X
4.d)You cannot draw a conclusion from these data
4.e)Heredity contributes little or nothing to variation in characteristic X
5. Intelligence is determined, in descending order, by:
5.a)Shared environment; genes; unique environment
5.b)Genes, unique environment; shared environment
5.c) Genes, shared environment; unique environment
5.d)Shared environment; unique environment; genes
6. The heritability of IQ increases with age because:
6.a)We have more opportunity as we age to choose our own environments
and these may reflect the heritable component of our intelligence
6.b)Our intellect becomes limited by health problems as we age
6.c) We get wiser as we get older
6.d)We stop responding to our environment to the same extent as when we
were young
7. Janice has heard about heritability studies of intelligence and assumes that if IQ is
highly heritable within a group, then any IQ difference between two groups must
also be largely the result of genetic differences. How accurate is Janice's
assumption?
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