PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Absolute Threshold, Neural Adaptation, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
3 Jul 2018
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Lessons Seven & Eight:
1. Which of the following is NOT a reason why we sleep?
1.a)Allows us to conserve energy when we are not engaged in survival-
relevant behavior
1.b)Allows us to avoid harm during the hours of darkness
1.c) Allows the brain to consolidate memories through reactivation
1.d)Allows the body to build muscle spindles
2. Which of the following most convincingly demonstrates contingency?
2.a)A light is turned on; the brain-damaged patient blinks
2.b)A family member walks into the room; the brain-damaged patient turns
their head
2.c) Whenever a family member walks into the room, the brain-damaged
patient moves their left foot, and they don't move it very much at
other times
2.d)The room door slams; the patient turns their head. The door is then closed
quietly and the patient does not respond
3. Which of the following is NOT true about sleep:
3.a)REM sleep happens once per night
3.b)As you transition through the stages of sleep from stage 4 to stage 2, your
neural activity oscillates at faster and faster frequencies
3.c) Stages 3 and 4 are the deepest stages of sleep, when regular, slow, waves
are evident on EEG
3.d)During stage 4 sleep, your skeletal muscles are almost completely inactive
4. Distinguishing a severely brain damaged individual as being in a vegetative state,
compared to a minimally conscious state, or locked-in state, is:
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4.a)difficult to distinguish minimally conscious and locked-in states because
the individual has their eyes open in both, but since eyes are closed in the
vegetative state, it's easy to distinguish that one
4.b)impossible – the three states are indistinguishable
4.c) difficult since the individual often doesn't exhibit any behaviour in all
three
4.d)difficult since contingences between stimuli and behaviour can be
difficult to observe in all three
5. As sleep cycles progress over the course of an average night, the amount of time
spent in REM sleep:
5.a)Increases
5.b)Becomes zero (i.e. REM eventually drops out of the sleep cycle)
5.c) becomes 100% (the last few hours of sleep, before regular waking time,
are entirely REM)
5.d)Decreases
6. Evidence for the theory that sleep helps us to consolidate memories comes from
research indicating that:
6.a)students perform better on tests after a good night's sleep
6.b)damage to the hypothalamus results in both sleep and memory problems
6.c) cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are active during learning and again
during sleep
6.d)cells in the hippocampus are activated during learning and again
during sleep
7. As you fall asleep, how do your EEG wave patterns change as you go from being
alert, to being relaxed, to being deep asleep?
7.a)beta waves → alpha waves → delta waves
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Document Summary
1. a) allows us to conserve energy when we are not engaged in survival- relevant behavior. 1. b)allows us to avoid harm during the hours of darkness. 1. c) allows the brain to consolidate memories through reactivation. 2. a) a light is turned on; the brain-damaged patient blinks. 2. b)a family member walks into the room; the brain-damaged patient turns their head. 2. c) whenever a family member walks into the room, the brain-damaged patient moves their left foot, and they don"t move it very much at other times. 2. d)the room door slams; the patient turns their head. The door is then closed quietly and the patient does not respond: which of the following is not true about sleep: 3. b)as you transition through the stages of sleep from stage 4 to stage 2, your neural activity oscillates at faster and faster frequencies. 3. c) stages 3 and 4 are the deepest stages of sleep, when regular, slow, waves are evident on eeg.
