BLG 181 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Human Genome Project, Dominance (Genetics), Blastocyst
10 Jan 2017
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1990: international government funded project to sequence human genome (~30,000 genes) Chromosome 7 autosomal recessive disorder, affects chloride ion channels (regulation/absorption of sodium) Defective sodium regulation causes cells to overproduce thick mucus in respiratory & digestive tracts: promotes the growth of harmful bacteria, causes difficulty with digestion and absorption of nutrients. Gene therapy (production of normal chromosome 7 proteins) could help. Undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized cells & divide more than specialized cells. Embryonic: pluripotent stem cells, derived from the blastocyst of an embryo: environment can be manipulated during subculturing to produce specific specialized cells. Adult: multipotent stem cells, derived from tissues after birth (can be from umbilical cord, babies, and still considered adult) Stem cells can undergo subculturing/replating, wherein the cells are placed in a new medium for growth. Prevents immune rejection donated nucleus is from patient. Repeated culturing of stem cells (60+ divisions) can result in mutations that cause cancer.
