CRM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cesare Beccaria, Intellectual Disability, Absolute Monarchy
11 Sep 2017
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Document Summary
Theoretical model emerging out of the changes in the 18th century. Intellectual shift: from the middle ages to the age of enlightenment/age of reason, scientific revolution. Economic shift: from feudalism to capitalism, industrial revolution. Political shift: from absolute monarch rule to representative rule based on the consent of the people, american revolution, french revolution. Feudalism: agriculture economic system based on inherited social ranks, peasants had economic obligations to the landed aristocracy, landed aristocracy derived economic privileges, power, and wealth from peasants. Capitalism: market-based economic system based on private ownership, private property, and wage labor, industrialization allowed economics of scale and cheap production of commodities. Therefore, everyone is equal under the law. Human beings also have free will and the capacity to reason. Using our reason, what we do is a matter of individual choice. We are governed by reason and law, not absolute repression or god.
