HIS 106 Lecture 6: HIS106 Topic 6

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: History
• Course: HIS 106
• Professor: Jennifer Hubbard

Document Summary

Chinese invented 4 basic gunpowder weapons: flamethrowers, bombs, rockets, and guns. Pe(cid:396)sia(cid:374) (cid:862)fi(cid:396)e pot(cid:863) (cid:373)issiles: (cid:374)aphtha-sulphur mixture (500 bc onward) Petroleum (common in middle east) was distilled to make naphtha. Muslims later used similar weapons to defend jerusalem against crusaders. U(cid:373)ayyad e(cid:373)pi(cid:396)e e(cid:373)e(cid:396)ged soo(cid:374) afte(cid:396) moha(cid:373)(cid:373)ed"s death. Annual campaigns begun by caliph muawiya in 661. Captured christian, aryan, zoroastrian cities and lands. Saracen ships used heavy siege engines and catapults. Calipha muawiya besieged constantinople: 675, 676, 677, and 679 ad. Byza(cid:374)ti(cid:374)e g(cid:396)eek (cid:862)se(cid:272)(cid:396)et(cid:863) (cid:449)eapo(cid:374): g(cid:396)eek fi(cid:396)e i(cid:374)(cid:448)e(cid:374)ted (cid:271)y al(cid:272)he(cid:373)ist a(cid:374)d a(cid:396)(cid:272)hite(cid:272)t kalli(cid:374)ikos. 10th century writer listed: sulphur, tartar, persian gum, pitch, nitre, petroleum, and pine resin. Catapults fired greek fire from city walls. Ships sprayed greek fire: siphons or force pumps. Gunpowder: a chinese invention not originally linked to warfare. Mysticism and magical folk beliefs entered taoist philosophy around 400 ad. Five chinese elements: earth, metal, wood, water, and fire. Chinese alchemists were draw to elements with paradoxical properties.