NSE 22A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Small-Cell Carcinoma, Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
10 Sep 2019
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Nse22 winter hesi case study #5: lung cancer. Inhaled carcinogens (i. e asbestos, radon, nickel, iron, iron oxides, uranium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chromates, arsenic, air pollution) Individuals who are 40-75 yrs old (peak btwn 50-65) Screening is recommended for asymptomatic patients btwn 55-74 yrs old who smoke or quit smoking <15 yrs ago with a >30 pack/yr history. 2 types: non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc, small cell lung cancer (sclc) Persistent pneumonitis (inflammation of alveoli characterized by fever, chills, and cough) Hoarseness d/t involvement of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Superior vena cava obstruction d/t intrathoracic spread of malignancy. Palpable lymph nodes in neck and/or axilla. Cardiac tamponade (compression of heart d/t accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac) d/t mediastinal involvement. Abnormalities r/t obstructive findings of tumour (atelectasis, pneumonia) Location and extent of masses in chest bc can determine tissue density differences. Positron emission tomography (pet) to determine clinical staging and measure metabolic activity in normal and diseased tissues.
