PAT 20A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Vaginitis, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Receptor
13 Mar 2019
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Document Summary
Prediabetes: blood glucose (sugar) levels that are higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Etiology: genetic, environment, viral, autoimmune (singly or, obesity, inactivity, stress combination) Prevalence rising due to: aging population, growth in indigenous population, sedentary lifestyles. Heterogenous: beta cell failure: relative insulin resistance. Increasing immigration from high risk populations: rising obesity rates. Increased glucose production by liver: decreased insulin receptor abnormal fat metabolism signalling. Clinical manifestations: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, recurrent infections, fatigue, lower extremity paresthesia, prolonged wound healing, yeast infections, pruritus, vulvovaginitis. Insulin resistance -> inappropriate glucose production by liver: deranged secretion of insulin by beta cell - > alteration in production of hormones and cytokines. Risk factors: genetics (strong genetic composition, diabesity, schizophrenia, history of gestational diabetes, pcos, acanthosis nigricans, physical inactivity, prediabetes. Causes of beta cell exhaustion: prenatal factors: intrauterine growth retardation, less beta cell mass, lipotoxicity: toxic effects of lipids (ffas) on beta cells.
