PHL 214 Lecture : Chapter 3 Categorical Logic.docx
19 Mar 2012
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Document Summary
Categorical statements; are the logic from which arguments are constructed. Subject term, tells us which things the statement is about. Predicate term, characterizes the members of the subject term. Scope word, tells us how many members of the subject term we re talking about. Copula, is what joins the subject to predicate. Universal affirmation makes a positive statement about all members of the subject class. Particular affirmation, it is about some particular members of the subject class. Distributed term makes a claim about all members of the class that it names. Undistributed term makes a claim about some but not all of the members of the class that it names. Subject terms in universal statements are distributed. Subject terms in particular statements are undistributed. Predicate terms in affirmative statements are undistributed. Predicate terms in negative statements are distributed. Finding a counter example to a proposition means finding some case that would prove the proposition false.
