PSY 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Myelin, Peripheral Nervous System, Central Nervous System
27 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Week 4 (Neuroscience)
Emphasis:
- Nerve cells and communication in the brain*
- Central and peripheral nervous system*
- Hormones and the endocrine systems
PNS vs. CNS
- CNS
- Central nervous system
- Brain and spinal cord
- PNS
- Peripheral nervous system
- Stuff that isn’t your brain or spinal cord
- Your senses
Neurons: the brain’s communicators
- Specialized in communication with each other
- ~86 billion neurons, with 160 billion connections
- Unique shape compared to other cells
Neuronal components (see slide 4, 5)
- Cell body (soma)
- Center of the neuron; builds new cell components
- Dendrites
- Branchlike extension that receive information from other neurons
- Axons
- “Tails” of neurons that spread out from the cell body and transit information
- Axon terminals
- End of the axon containing synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitters (NTs)
- Chemical messengers that allow neuron to neuron communication
- Synapse
- Space between neurons where NTs travel
- Glial cells (glue cells)
- Cell in the nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin sheaths
and the blood-brain barrier; responds to injury, removes debris and enhances
learning and memory
- Two types:
- Astrocytes (star shapes)
- Most abundant
- Found in blood-brain barrier
- Increase reliability of neuronal transmission
- Control blood flow in brain
- Oligodendrocytes (fatty)
- Promotes new connections
- Produces the myelin sheath around axons
- Myelin sheath
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Nerve cells and communication in the brain* Stuff that isn"t your brain or spinal cord. ~86 billion neurons, with 160 billion connections. Center of the neuron; builds new cell components. Branchlike extension that receive information from other neurons. Tails of neurons that spread out from the cell body and transit information. End of the axon containing synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters. Chemical messengers that allow neuron to neuron communication. Cell in the nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin sheaths and the blood-brain barrier; responds to injury, removes debris and enhances learning and memory. Glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron"s signal. Neurons respond to nts by generating electrical activity. When the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited. Action potential: electrical impulse that travels down the axon (triggers release of neurotransmitters) It"s all or nothing like a light switch. Triggered by a change in charge inside the axon.
