PSY 605 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: American Lung Association, Tachycardia, Underweight
30 May 2018
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• Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Insomnia
• Coughing, dry throat
• Dizziness
• Lack of concentration
• Why Do People Smoke
• Age
• Culture
• Peer encouragement
• More likely if parents smoke
• Personality characteristics (rebellious, risk taker)
• Weight management
• Smokers image (e.g., cool, mature, glamorous, exciting)
• Reasons Given for Smoking
• Positive affect – stimulation, relaxation, pleasure
• Negative affect – relieves boredom, stress, depression
• Habitual – behaviour becomes a habit
• Psychological dependence – use it to regulate emotions
• Nicotine – Maintaining Factors
• Physical addiction
• Physical habit
• Emotional support
• Personal identity
• Fear of weight gain
• Social habit
• Vaping
(Pisinger & Døssing, 2014)
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• Vaping is the use of an E-cigarette,
• Also sometimes called e-cig, electronic vaping device, personal vaporizer or electronic
nicotine delivery system (ENDS)
• Puffing activates the battery-operated heating device in the liquid and its atomizer.
o The liquid consists of tobacco extracts, propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine,
flavorants and/or adulterants which vaporize to an aerosol/vapor.
• Health Effects of Vaping
• A systeati reie of artiles foud o osistet eidee for apig’s effets o
heath (Pisinger & Døssing, 2014)
• However, in 34% of the studies, the authors had conflicts of interest (e.g., authors
funded by tobacco companies)
• The carcinogens formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein found in the vapors
(Goniewicz et al., 2013)
• Some evidence for
o Decreased lung function
o Increased heart rate
o Increased blood pressure
• A recent study followed people over 3.5 years who did and did not vape nicotine (Polossa
et al., 2017)
• They found no effects of vaping on lung function, heart rate, or blood pressure
• However, they had a small sample size (N = 21, 9 people who did and 12 who did not
vape)
• Smoking Cessation
• Relapse
• 50 – 80% of those who quit relapse within a year
• Stress is primary reason for relapse (smoking seen to help stress)
• Social support helps protect against relapse
• Self-efficacy is most important factor in quitting
• Abstinence-Violation Effect
• Tendency to start smoking again after a lapse because of reduced self-efficacy for quitting
and reminder about positive effects of smoking
• Weight-gain after quitting often leads to relapse
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
