SSH 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Justin Trudeau, Logical Reasoning, Fallibilism

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Social Sciences and Humanities
• Course: SSH 105
• Professor: Klaas Kraay

Document Summary

Tends to provide logically conclusive support for conclusion. Deductive valid only if it is not possible for premises to be true & conclusion is false: validity test, arguments patterns. Universal ruling out: no as are b(cid:859)s, x is an a. Another example: no children are perfectly behaved at all times, jacob is a child. Therefore: jacob is not perfectly behaved, all as are bs, x is not an a, x is not a b. This is invalid as it does not necessarily prove that b is not an x, since not all bs are. This would not work as the premises only state that all stude(cid:374)ts are hard(cid:449)orki(cid:374)g a(cid:374)d (cid:374)ot (cid:862)o(cid:374)ly(cid:863) all stude(cid:374)ts are hardworking. You can not be a student and be hardworking so the pre(cid:373)ise a(cid:374)d (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:272)lusio(cid:374) do(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:373)at(cid:272)h. In some cases, premises are intended to give probable, not conclusive, support for the conclusion: (cid:862)most likely(cid:863)