SOC 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Hegemonic Masculinity, Racialization, Socalled
12 Jan 2017
School
Department
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Professor
Productive: who gets to define social norms and reality. Ex. Hegemonic masculinity is
and idea of masculinity that is produced by hegemonic culture.
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As a consequence of way discourse is constructed, power is not only produced but it is
productive.
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Power is productive in the sense that everybody watching Scandal sees the challenges of
hegemonic reality.
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Male directors = males perspective = so it's in the normalizing of men's perspective that we're
producing power.
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Discourse (Michel Foucalt)
No one characteristic, trait, or gene distinguishes all of the members of a so-called "race."
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It's a social reality; we've learned to see race.
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Race does not exist from a biological perspective (like gender).
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All winners are from one tribe in Kenya that makes up 10% of Kenyan population.
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When tested, not found genetically advantageous trait.
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Turns out that, it's due to social factors: living in high altitudes, run/walk to and back from
same high school for 5km-10km at that same altitude.
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Kenyans and Ehtiopians always win race so you think "oh, they have a genetic advantage."
However researchers have gone to their home countries and have no found genetic individual
trait.
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Factors that distinguish people -> we think it's race.
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Probably: the social factors that identify you as one group.
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Colour wheel - how black do you have to be black?
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The arbitrary definitions of race are a product of discourse.
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"Race has to be social and politically constructed and elaborate ideological work is done to
secure and maintain the different forms of racialization." - John Storey
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Racialized: race has been applied to people. Means that it's a form social construction,
whereas sex has some biological factor.
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Humans are actually very genetically similar bc
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Understanding Race
Race is a modern idea.
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The concept of "race" and racial classification systems didn't appear until 16th and 17th
centuries during Spanish and English colonial expansion.
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Ideology of "race" justified European domination and exploitation of colonial lands and peoples.
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Before colonialism, before 16th, you will not find in any books any separation of people by race.
Race not marker of difference among people.
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Dividers were: social class, religion.
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During colonialism, an ideology of race emerged.
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Race is a modern idea.
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The concept of "race" and racial classification systems did not appear until the 16th and 17th
centuries during Spanisn and English colonial exapndsion.
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Ideology of "race" justified European domination and*
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Driving motivator behind colonialism was the system of colonialism. The economy in the
colonial period was motivated by what was going on in colonialism. Ex. Going to India and
taking tea, spices.
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Race and Colonialism: Conquest
Irish, Scottish, English
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At end of 7 years, free and can start own life.
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Free labor to achieve freedom.
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1620s: Identured servants (slaves that signed contract) brought from Europe to work on
labour-intensive cash crops like Tobacco and Cotton.
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Before 1705, European indentured servants lived and worked side by side w/ African slaves.
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Colonial powers settling in east coast of US.
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1620: 130k ppl, 100k of them are indentured servants.
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At the same time, other places are getting colonized (Africa, Asia).
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Influx of slaves from Africa - not property of the people, they were indentured servants.
Difference was that they were not given contracts (language barrier). The earliest slaves from
Africa and Carribean worked and laboured side by side as the indentured servants - they were
the same class of people.
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Race and Colonialism: Labour
Week 9 - Race, Racism and Presentation Pt. 1
Friday, March 18, 2016
10:10 AM
SOC 202 Page 1
