SOCI 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Domestic Violence, Nuclear Family, Kim Novak
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Women's Economic Independence
In a traditional nuclear family, man are expected to earn a family wage, whereas
women are expected to perform unpaid domestic chores and care for family
members
•
Today, more then 70% of women with children under the age of 16 are in the
paid employment market
•
This…
Decreases child mortality
○
Increases children's physical and mental health
○
Increases children's upward mobility
○
Increases girl's and boy's literacy rates
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Lower's the prevalence of domestic abuse
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Improves community economies
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Increases happiness rates in marriage
○
•
Marital satisfaction and divorce
Economic forces
Dissatisfaction and divorce are more common among groups with high
poverty rates
Satisfaction of both husbands and wives increases when wives enter the
paid labour force
1.
Divorce Laws
When people are free to end unhappy marriages and remarry, happiness
increases for the population of married people because unhappy
marriages are dissolved
Marriages become more stable as divorce becomes easier
2.
The family life cycle
1/4 of divorces take place in the first 3 years
1/2 of all divorces take place by the end of the 7th year
Nonparents and parents whose children have left home enjoy the highest
level of marital satisfaction
3.
Housework and childcare
Marital happiness among couples who share housework is higher than
those who don’t
4.
Predictors of Divorce
Interpersonal factors
Conflict, including violence
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One or both partners struggling with substance abuse or mental health
problems
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Infidelity
○
•
Demographic factors
Women are more likely than men are to initiate divorce
○
Divorce is more likely to occur in the earlier years of marriage
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Couples who are religious are less likely to divorce, particularly when they
belong to the same religion
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•
Social factors
Living in poverty
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Having less education
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Cohabiting with one's spouse before marriage
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Having a premarital birth or a previous marriage
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Having parents who are divorced
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•
Economic Hardship
Women's income usually declines, while men's income changes little
Husbands tend to earn more than wives
○
Children typically live with mothers after divorce
○
Child-support payments are often inadequate
○
•
Economic hardship following parental divorce can make it difficult for children
to cope
•
If the family falls into poverty, the inability to meet basic needs is a potent
threat to a child's well-being
•
Economic hardship can also disrupt previously established routines and
lifestyles and friendships
•
Naming Babies
Starting in the late 19th century, naming children moved from a matter of
tradition to a matter of fashion
•
With industrialization, the growth of mass education, literacy, migration,
urbanization, individualization, secularization, and a decline in the intensity of
relations among extended family came more opportunities to innovate when
naming children
•
Another long-term change is the declining numerical dominance of a small
number of popular names. There is now more variation in baby names than in
the past
•
Baby naming is a choice you make personally, it is not dictated by someone else
(unless you’re in Quebec or France)
•
Name Androgyny
Some names are popular for girls and boys•
There is a strong pattern of boy's names becoming girls' names•
While the reverse is rarely true (girls names rarely become popular boys
names), there has been an increase over the past 20 years in boys having
traditional girl names or androgynous names
•
Until the mid 20th century for example, Kim and Cary were relatively
androgynous names. Boys and girls were almost equally likely to have these
names
•
When Kim Novak became a Hollywood star, there was a spike in boys and girls
named Kim, soon after, however, the popularity of the name for boys fell.
•
Names and Bullying
Economist David Figlio found that boys with feminine •
Culture and Baby Names
Emma was the most popular girls name of 2008, supplanting Emily, which had
been the most popular over the previous 12 years
•
Both names reflect a much deeper and largely unnoticed naming trend•
At the beginning of the last century, names beginning with vowels dominated
the name popularity charts. But slowly their usage fell, bottoming out in the
middle of the century as the consonant names, like David or Donna, rose to
prominence
•
Recently, the vowels have been creeping back up to dominance •
Fashion vs. Legacy
According to Stanley Lieberson and Eleanor Bell's research
Girls' names tend to be viewed as objects of fashion and expressions of
attractiveness, whereas boy's names are approached in terms of historical
continuity and stability
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There is much more
○
•
Random Facts
Women with more education are more likely to name their girls with names
ending in an "n" and are more likely to use a biblical name
•
As class position (SES) increases, girls' names are more likely to be drawn from
the traditional repertoire
•
Women with lower education favour girls' names that end in an "ee" sound or a
"schwa" sound. Both of these are more distinctive "feminine" endings
•
Among lower SES families, boy's names tend to have the imagery of strength
(i.e., cowboys names, military names) while girls' are more likely to be
uncommon or novel and frilly.
•
College graduates have the greatest stability over time in the names given to
either boys or girls. For boys' names there is a positive relationship between
education and the chance of boy's being names Adam, Jonathon, Joshua,
Daniel, or David
•
There is a negative relationship between education and the chances of a boy
being names Thomas, John, or Joseph
•
The turnover for both boy's/girl's names•
New popular names are more likely to be adopted by less educated parents
after they have been popularized by groups with higher SES
•
For instance, in 1983 Ashley was popular among those with a college education.
It became popular with folks with a high school education or less three years
later. As lower SES groups adopted Ashley as a popular name, it became much
less used among groups with higher SES
•
Lecture 11/09
November 9, 2017
1:00 PM
Document Summary
In a traditional nuclear family, man are expected to earn a family wage, whereas women are expected to perform unpaid domestic chores and care for family members. Today, more then 70% of women with children under the age of 16 are in the paid employment market. Dissatisfaction and divorce are more common among groups with high poverty rates. Satisfaction of both husbands and wives increases when wives enter the paid labour force. When people are free to end unhappy marriages and remarry, happiness increases for the population of married people because unhappy marriages are dissolved. Marriages become more stable as divorce becomes easier. 1/4 of divorces take place in the first 3 years. 1/2 of all divorces take place by the end of the 7th year. Nonparents and parents whose children have left home enjoy the highest level of marital satisfaction. Marital happiness among couples who share housework is higher than.
