BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Meristem, Double Fertilization, Flowering Plant

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amberalpaca785

11 Feb 2018

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC 101

Professor

Tony Williams

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Document Summary

Plant life cycles involve alternation of generations (not unique) Multicellular haploid (n) generation is microscopic (a few cells) Two sperm cells fuse with different female nuclei forming zygote and endosperm (unique) Flowers are the reproductive structures form when the shoot apical meristem becomes a floral meristem. Anthers contain microsporangia with many diploid (2n) microsporocytes. Microspores mitosis 2-cell male gametophyte with generative cell + tube cell + outer coat. Carpels contain one or more ovules which produce the female gametophyte. Ovules contain megasporangium with a diploid megasporocyte. Megasporocyte meiosis 4 haploid megaspores (one survives) Megaspore 3 x mitosis female gametophyte or embryo sac with eight (23) haploid nuclei (multicellular) embryo sac is a complex structure with 8 nuclei and 7 cells. 2 x synergids guide pollen tube to embryo sac (by chemical signalling) 2 x polar nuclei (=1 cell) form endosperm. Micropyle (cid:894)(cid:862)little gate(cid:863)(cid:895) provides a(cid:272)(cid:272)ess for(cid:373) sper(cid:373) (cid:374)u(cid:272)leus.

Related Questions

1. A plant the lacks petals and has well-developed anthers ismost likely

pollinated by fruit-eatingmammals.

pollinated by bees.

pollinated by birds.

pollinated by wind.

2. SELECT EACH TYPE of tissue that may be found in a maturefruit or seed. Can be more than one

Diploid sporophyte tissue from theprevious generation

Triploid endosperm

Diploid embryonic tissue

Haploid sperm cells

Tissue from the female gametophyte

3. Based on the outcome for plants, a monkey eating a banana isa

parasite.

pollinator.

disperser.

fertilizer.

4. Select all of the environmentswhere seeds would be an advantage over spores. Can be more thanone

Deserts

Areas with unpredictablerainfall

Wet humid swamps

Open habitats with sparsevegetation

Under a dense forest canopy

5. Select all the advantages that seeds have over spores.

Seeds have increased droughtresistance.

Long term dormancy ispossible.

Sexual reproduction is onlypossible with seeds.

Nutrition is packaged with theembryo.

Widespread dispersal is possible with a seed coat.

6. Nectar is a sugar-laden liquid that is very energeticallyexpensive to produce. Why do plants allocate resources to produceit instead of just producing more flowers?

Nectar serves as an enticement forinsects.

Nectar is sticky and traps windborne pollen.

Nectar provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.

Nectar provides energy during pollen tube formation.

7.The dried pericarp that forms the peanut shell provideevidence that peanuts are

legumes.

drupes.

samaras.

pomes.

8. All members of the Anthophyta have

nectaries.

animal pollinators.

scented flowers.

ovules enclosed in carpels.

fleshy fruits for dispersal.

9. Why is external water not essential for fertilization in seedplants?

Ovules are contained within thepollen.

Sperm cells are used to transportpollen to the archegonia.

Seed plants use pollen instead ofsperm for fertilization.

The sperm cells in seed plants arecapable of resisting desiccation.

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal.

10.Select the true statements concerning seeds. Can be more thanone

Seeds allow for dormancy untilfavorable conditions arise.

The fruit provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.

The ovule dries and forms the seedcoat.

The seed stores all of thenutrition and water the embryo needs to germinate.

Seeds can resist conditions thatwould kill a live plant.

Seeds are key to wide dispersal of offspring.

11. Select the true statements concerning sperm and pollen. Canbe more than one.

In seed plants the entire malegametophyte is dispersed.

The pollen fertilizes the egg.

The pollen tube facilitates thepollination of the ovule.

Pollen transports the cells thatform the sperm but only the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Unlike mosses and ferns water is not needed for fertilization inseed plants.

12.Check which of the following are correct regarding thebenefit of seeds. Can be more than one.

Seeds protect the young embryo byenclosing it in several layers of gametophyte tissue.

Seeds provide a source ofnourishment to the embryonic plant.

The integument forms a seed coatthat protects against desiccation.

Seeds provide a structure in whicha dormant embryo can avoid unfavorable growing conditions andgerminate when conditions improve.

Seeds are a means to transport offspring away from the parentalplant.

13. A fruit-bearing dioecious flower would have

a gynoecium.

neither an androecium nor agynoecium.

an androecium.

both an androecium and a gynoecium.

14. A researcher brings a sample of dry soil to the lab, wetsit, provides ample amounts of fertilizer, and places the soil in acontainer in a greenhouse. Which type of plant would be leastlikely to emerge?

	Corn
	Sunflower
	Liverwort
	Wheat
	Pine seedling

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BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Meristem, Double Fertilization, Flowering Plant

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